The Interim Translational Research Institute "iTRI", National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR), Doha, Qatar.
Department of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2020 Jan;12(1):e1579. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1579. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
Active immunotherapy of cancer aims to treat the disease by inducing effective cellular and humoral immune responses. Virus-like particle-based vaccines have evolved dramatically over the last few decades, greatly reducing morbidity and mortality of several infectious diseases and expectedly preventing cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus. In contrast to these broad successes of disease prevention, therapeutic cancer vaccines remain to demonstrate clinical benefit. Yet, several preclinical and clinical trials have revealed promising results and are paving the way for medical breakthroughs. This study reviews and discusses the recent preclinical development and clinical trials in this field. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
癌症的主动免疫疗法旨在通过诱导有效的细胞和体液免疫反应来治疗疾病。过去几十年中，基于病毒样颗粒的疫苗得到了迅猛发展，大大降低了几种传染病的发病率和死亡率，并有望预防人乳头瘤病毒引起的宫颈癌。与这些广泛的疾病预防成功形成鲜明对比的是，治疗性癌症疫苗仍有待证明其临床获益。然而，一些临床前和临床试验已经显示出了有希望的结果，并为医学突破铺平了道路。本研究综述和讨论了该领域的近期临床前开发和临床试验。本文属于以下分类：生物启发的纳米材料 > 基于蛋白质和病毒的结构 纳米技术在生物学中的应用 > 生物学中的纳米级系统。
