Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Small. 2020 Apr;16(15):e1902842. doi: 10.1002/smll.201902842. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Over the past several decades, lattice materials have been developed and used as engineering materials for lightweight and stiff industrial structures. Recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques have prompted the emergence of architected materials with minimum characteristic sizes ranging from several micrometers to hundreds of nanometers. Taking advantage of the topological design, structural optimization, and size effects of nanomaterials, various 3D micro-/nanolattice materials composed of different materials exhibit combinations of superior mechanical properties, such as low density, high strength (even approaching the theoretical limits), large deformability, good recoverability, and flaw tolerance. As a result, some micro-/nanolattices occupy an unprecedented area in Ashby charts with a combination of different material properties. Here, recent advances in the fabrication and mechanics of micro-/nanolattices are described. First, various design principles and advanced techniques used for the fabrication of micro-/nanolattices are summarized. Then, the mechanical behaviors and properties of micro-/nanolattices are further described, including the compressive Young's modulus, strength, energy absorption, recoverability, and tensile behavior, with an emphasis on mechanistic insights and origins. Finally, the main challenges in the fabrication and mechanics of micro-/nanolattices are addressed and an outlook for further investigations and potential applications of micro-/nanolattices in the future is provided.
在过去的几十年中，晶格材料已经被开发并用作轻质和刚性工业结构的工程材料。最近，增材制造技术的进步促使具有最小特征尺寸从几微米到数百纳米的结构材料出现。利用拓扑设计、结构优化和纳米材料的尺寸效应，由不同材料组成的各种 3D 微/纳米晶格材料表现出优异的机械性能的组合，例如低密度、高强度（甚至接近理论极限）、大变形性、良好的可恢复性和缺陷容限。因此，一些微/纳米晶格在 Ashby 图中占据了前所未有的区域，具有不同材料性能的组合。在这里，描述了微/纳米晶格的制造和力学方面的最新进展。首先，总结了用于制造微/纳米晶格的各种设计原则和先进技术。然后，进一步描述了微/纳米晶格的力学行为和性能，包括压缩杨氏模量、强度、能量吸收、可恢复性和拉伸行为，重点介绍了机械洞察和起源。最后，讨论了微/纳米晶格制造和力学方面的主要挑战，并对未来微/纳米晶格在未来的进一步研究和潜在应用进行了展望。
