Poarch Gregory J, Krott Andrea
English Department, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany.
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2019 Sep 4;9(9):95. doi: 10.3390/bs9090095.
The debate on possible cognitive advantages bilinguals have over monolinguals continues to occupy the research community. There is an ever-growing research body focusing on adjudicating whether there is, in fact, an effect of using two or more languages regularly on cognition. In this paper, we briefly review some of the more pertinent literature that has attempted to identify attenuating, modulating, and confounding factors in research comparing monolingual and bilingual populations, and we highlight issues that should be taken into account in future research to move forward as a research community. At the same time, we argue for a change in perspective concerning what is deemed an advantage and what is not and argue for more ecologically valid research that investigates real-life advantages.
关于双语者相对于单语者可能具有的认知优势的争论，一直占据着研究界。越来越多的研究机构致力于判定经常使用两种或多种语言是否真的会对认知产生影响。在本文中，我们简要回顾了一些较为相关的文献，这些文献试图在比较单语和双语人群的研究中找出衰减、调节和混杂因素，并且我们强调了未来研究作为一个研究群体要取得进展应考虑的问题。同时，我们主张在什么被视为优势以及什么不被视为优势的问题上转变观点，并主张开展更多调查现实生活中优势的具有生态效度的研究。
