Angelopoulou Efthalia, Paudel Yam Nath, Papageorgiou Sokratis G, Piperi Christina
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece.
First Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, 15784Athens, Greece.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2022 Sep 7;5(10):838-848. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00104. eCollection 2022 Oct 14.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its pathogenesis remains obscure. Current treatment approaches mainly including levodopa and dopamine agonists provide symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression, and they are often accompanied by severe side effects. In this context, natural phytochemicals have received increasing attention as promising preventive or therapeutic candidates for PD, given their multitarget pharmaceutical mechanisms of actions and good safety profile. Ginger ( Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a very popular spice used as a medicinal herb throughout the world since the ancient years, for a wide range of conditions, including nausea, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Emerging and evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of ginger and its main pharmaceutically active compounds (zingerone, 6-shogaol, and 6-gingerol) in PD, mainly via the regulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, dopamine synaptic transmission, and possibly mitochondrial dysfunction. The regulation of several transcription factors and signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Ak strain transforming (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of ginger. Herein, we discuss recent findings on the beneficial role of ginger in PD as a preventive agent or potential supplement to current treatment strategies, focusing on potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
帕金森病（PD）是仅次于阿尔茨海默病（AD）的第二常见神经退行性疾病，其发病机制仍不清楚。目前的治疗方法主要包括左旋多巴和多巴胺激动剂，这些方法可缓解症状，但无法阻止疾病进展，且常伴有严重副作用。在这种情况下，天然植物化学物质因其多靶点药物作用机制和良好的安全性，作为PD有前景的预防或治疗候选物受到越来越多的关注。姜（姜科，姜属）是一种非常受欢迎的香料，自古以来就在世界各地用作草药，用于治疗多种病症，包括恶心、糖尿病、血脂异常和癌症。新出现的证据支持姜及其主要药理活性化合物（姜酮、6-姜辣醇和6-姜酚）对PD的神经保护作用，主要是通过调节神经炎症、氧化应激、肠道通透性、多巴胺突触传递，以及可能调节线粒体功能障碍。已证明几种转录因子和信号通路的调节，包括核因子κB（NF-κB）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）/Akt 原癌基因（Akt）、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）1/2，以及AMP活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）/增殖激活受体γ共激活因子1α（PGC1α），有助于姜的保护作用。在此，我们讨论姜作为预防剂或当前治疗策略潜在补充剂在PD中的有益作用的最新发现，重点关注潜在的分子机制。
