Kang Hae Ji, Gu Se Hun, Yashina Liudmila N, Cook Joseph A, Yanagihara Richard
John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, "Vector", Koltsovo 630559, Russia.
Viruses. 2019 Sep 14;11(9):857. doi: 10.3390/v11090857.
With the recent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family ) in shrews (order Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae), the once-conventional view that rodents (order Rodentia) served as the primordial reservoir hosts now appears improbable. The newly identified soricid-borne hantaviruses generally demonstrate well-resolved lineages organized according to host taxa and geographic origin. However, beginning in 2007, we detected sequences that did not conform to the prototypic hantaviruses associated with their soricid host species and/or geographic locations. That is, Eurasian common shrews (), captured in Hungary and Russia, were found to harbor hantaviruses belonging to two separate and highly divergent lineages. We have since accumulated additional examples of these highly distinctive hantavirus sequences in the Laxmann's shrew (), flat-skulled shrew () and Eurasian least shrew (), captured at the same time and in the same location in the Sakha Republic in Far Eastern Russia. Pair-wise alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial and full-length S-, M- and/or L-segment sequences indicate that a distinct hantavirus species related to Altai virus (ALTV), first reported in a Eurasian common shrew from Western Siberia, was being maintained in these closely related syntopic soricine shrew species. These findings suggest that genetic variants of ALTV might have resulted from ancient host-switching events with subsequent diversification within the Soricini tribe in Eurasia.
随着近期在鼩鼱（真盲缺目，鼩鼱科）中发现了基因上不同的汉坦病毒（汉坦病毒科），曾经认为啮齿动物（啮齿目）是主要储存宿主的传统观点现在看来不太可能成立。新发现的由鼩鼱传播的汉坦病毒通常表现出根据宿主分类群和地理起源组织良好的谱系。然而，从2007年开始，我们检测到一些序列，它们与与其鼩鼱宿主物种和/或地理位置相关的原型汉坦病毒不一致。也就是说，在匈牙利和俄罗斯捕获的欧亚普通鼩鼱被发现携带属于两个独立且高度不同谱系的汉坦病毒。此后，我们在俄罗斯远东地区萨哈共和国同一时间和同一地点捕获的拉氏鼩鼱、扁颅鼩鼱和欧亚长尾鼩鼱中积累了更多这些高度独特的汉坦病毒序列的例子。对部分和全长S、M和/或L片段序列的成对比对和系统发育分析表明，一种与阿尔泰病毒（ALTV）相关的独特汉坦病毒物种，首次在西西伯利亚的一只欧亚普通鼩鼱中报道，在这些密切相关的同域鼩鼱物种中得以维持。这些发现表明，ALTV的基因变体可能源于古代宿主转换事件，随后在欧亚大陆的鼩鼱族内发生了多样化。
