Ciocca Giacomo, Zauri Selene, Limoncin Erika, Mollaioli Daniele, D'Antuono Laura, Carosa Eleonora, Nimbi Filippo M, Simonelli Chiara, Balercia Giancarlo, Reisman Yacov, Jannini Emmanuele A
Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Chair in Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Sex Med. 2020 Mar;8(1):76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.esxm.2019.09.001. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Masculinity and femininity constitute the gender role construct into the general concept of sexual identity.
To investigate the relationships of attachment style, sexual orientation and biological sex with the gender role.
A convenience sample of 344 subjects (females = 207; males = 137) was recruited.
The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the Kinsey Scale, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory assessed, respectively, attachment styles, sexual orientation, and masculinity/femininity was administered.
Regression analysis revealed that the confidence scale of the ASQ (secure attachment) and relationship as secondary scale of ASQ (insecure/dismissing attachment) have a predictive role toward a higher score of masculinity (β = 0.201; P = .000 and β = 0.208; P = .000, respectively), whereas the need of approval scale of the ASQ (insecure/fearful-preoccupied attachment) shows a reverse association on it (β = -0.228; P = .001). Moreover, to be a male is predictive for masculinity (β = 0.196; P = .000). Also, femininity is predicted by the confidence (β = 0.173; P = .002) and the need of approval (β = 0.151; P = .03) scales of ASQ. Instead, the relationship as secondary scale of ASQ is negatively related to femininity (β = -0.198; P = .0001). No association between non-heterosexual orientation and gender role was found.
A better knowledge of links between relational patterns and gender roles for assessment and anamnesis phases in sexual medicine.
STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: This is the first study considering sexual orientation and biological sex in the relationship between attachment styles and gender role. The main limitation is the use of self-reported psychometric tests.
Our data indicate that a secure attachment is related to both masculinity and femininity. On the contrary, different and reverse aspects of insecure attachment style characterize masculinity and femininity. Masculinity is mostly linked to insecure/dismissing attachment, whereas femininity is linked to insecure/fearful-preoccupied attachment. Moreover, although being male is a further element in support of masculinity, sexual orientation is not associated with gender role. Ciocca G, Zauri S, Limoncin E, et al. Attachment Style, Sexual Orientation, and Biological Sex in their Relationships with Gender Role. Sex Med. 2019;8:76-83.
男性气质和女性气质构成了性身份认同这一总体概念中的性别角色建构。
探讨依恋风格、性取向和生理性别与性别角色之间的关系。
招募了344名受试者作为便利样本（女性 = 207名；男性 = 137名）。
分别使用依恋风格问卷（ASQ）、金赛量表和贝姆性别角色量表来评估依恋风格、性取向和男性气质/女性气质。
回归分析显示，ASQ的自信量表（安全型依恋）和ASQ的关系作为次要量表（不安全/忽视型依恋）对更高的男性气质得分具有预测作用（β = 0.201；P = 0.000和β = 0.208；P = 0.000），而ASQ的认可需求量表（不安全/恐惧-先占型依恋）则与之呈反向关联（β = -0.228；P = 0.001）。此外，男性身份对男性气质具有预测作用（β = 0.196；P = 0.000）。同样，女性气质可由ASQ的自信量表（β = 0.173；P = 0.002）和认可需求量表（β = 0.151；P = 0.03）预测。相反，ASQ的关系作为次要量表与女性气质呈负相关（β = -0.198；P = 0.0001）。未发现非异性恋取向与性别角色之间存在关联。
在性医学的评估和问诊阶段，更好地了解关系模式与性别角色之间的联系。
这是第一项在依恋风格与性别角色关系中考虑性取向和生理性别的研究。主要局限性在于使用了自我报告的心理测量测试。
我们的数据表明，安全型依恋与男性气质和女性气质均相关。相反，不安全依恋风格的不同和相反方面分别表征了男性气质和女性气质。男性气质主要与不安全/忽视型依恋相关，而女性气质则与不安全/恐惧-先占型依恋相关。此外，虽然男性身份是支持男性气质的另一个因素，但性取向与性别角色无关。乔卡·G、扎乌里·S、利蒙钦·E等。依恋风格、性取向和生理性别与性别角色的关系。性医学。2019年；8：76 - 83。
