Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Center for Health Policy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2019 Dec;15(12):1576-1587. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4944. Epub 2019 Oct 28.
This study aimed to determine if later birth year influences trajectory of age-related cognitive decline across racial/ethnic groups and to test whether years of school, childhood socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular disease burden explain such secular trends.
We compared cognitive trajectories of global cognition and subdomains in two successive racially/ethnically and educationally diverse birth cohorts of a prospective cohort study.
Later birth year was associated with higher initial cognitive levels for Whites and Blacks, but not Hispanics. Later birth year was also associated with less rapid rate of decline in all three racial/ethnic groups. More years of education, higher childhood socioeconomic status, and, to a smaller extent, greater cardiovascular disease burden accounted for higher intercepts in the later-born cohort, but did not account for attenuated slope of cognitive decline.
Later birth year is related to a slower rate of age-related decline in some cognitive domains in some racial/ethnic groups. Our analyses suggest that racial/ethnic and social inequalities are part of the mechanisms driving secular trends in cognitive aging and dementia.
本研究旨在确定出生年份较晚是否会影响不同种族/民族群体的与年龄相关的认知能力下降轨迹，并检验在校年限、儿童期社会经济地位和心血管疾病负担是否可以解释这种长期趋势。
我们比较了一项前瞻性队列研究中两个连续的种族/民族和教育多样化的出生队列的整体认知和子领域认知轨迹。
较晚的出生年份与白人和黑人的初始认知水平较高有关，但与西班牙裔无关。在所有三个种族/民族群体中，较晚的出生年份也与认知衰退速度较慢有关。受教育年限更长、儿童期社会经济地位更高，以及在较小程度上，心血管疾病负担更大，解释了较晚出生队列中截距更高的原因，但并不能解释认知衰退斜率的减弱。
出生年份较晚与某些认知领域的与年龄相关的下降速度较慢有关。我们的分析表明，种族/民族和社会不平等是导致认知老化和痴呆症的长期趋势的机制之一。
