Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Jun 1;10(6):a034819. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034819.
Available evidence suggests that the incidence of leukemia and lymphoma tends to be higher in highly developed regions of the world and among Whites in the United States. Temporal trends in incidence are dynamic and multifactorial; for instance, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increased around the turn of the century, in part because of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Most leukemias and lymphomas are sporadic and the specific etiology remains elusive. Still, research shows that these malignancies often develop in the context of genetic abnormalities, immunosuppression, and exposure to risk factors like ionizing radiation, carcinogenic chemicals, and oncogenic viruses. The prognosis varies by subtype, with poorer survival outcomes for acute leukemias among adults, and more favorable outcomes for Hodgkin's lymphoma. At a time when specific prevention efforts targeting these malignancies are nonexistent, there is a great need to ensure equitable access to diagnostic services and treatments worldwide.
现有证据表明，白血病和淋巴瘤的发病率在世界上高度发达的地区和美国的白人中较高。发病率的时间趋势是动态的和多因素的；例如，非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病率在世纪之交左右有所增加，部分原因是艾滋病流行。大多数白血病和淋巴瘤是散发性的，具体病因仍不清楚。尽管如此，研究表明，这些恶性肿瘤通常在遗传异常、免疫抑制以及接触电离辐射、致癌化学物质和致癌病毒等危险因素的情况下发展。预后因亚型而异，成年人急性白血病的生存率较差，霍奇金淋巴瘤的预后较好。在目前针对这些恶性肿瘤没有特定预防措施的情况下，非常有必要确保在全球范围内公平获得诊断服务和治疗。
