University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Blackrock Microsystems, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1101:1-40. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-2050-7_1.
The Utah electrode array (UEA) and its many derivatives have become a gold standard for high-channel count bi-directional neural interfaces, in particular in human subject applications. The chapter provides a brief overview of leading electrode concepts and the context in which the UEA has to be understood. It goes on to discuss the key advances and developments of the UEA platform in the past 15 years, as well as novel wireless and system integration technologies that will merge into future generations of fully integrated devices. Aspects covered include novel device architectures that allow scaling of channel count and density of electrode contacts, material improvements to substrate, electrode contacts, and encapsulation. Further subjects are adaptations of the UEA platform to support IR and optogenetic simulation as well as an improved understanding of failure modes and methods to test and accelerate degradation in vitro such as to better predict device failure and lifetime in vivo.
犹他电极阵列（UEA）及其众多衍生产品已成为高通道计数双向神经接口的金标准，特别是在人体应用中。本章简要概述了主要的电极概念以及 UEA 必须理解的上下文。接着讨论了过去 15 年来 UEA 平台的关键进步和发展，以及将融入未来全集成设备的新型无线和系统集成技术。所涵盖的方面包括允许扩展通道计数和电极接触密度的新型器件架构、衬底、电极接触和封装材料的改进。进一步的主题是 UEA 平台的适应，以支持 IR 和光遗传学模拟，以及对故障模式的更好理解和体外测试和加速退化的方法，以便更好地预测体内设备故障和寿命。
