Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, Lublin 20-033, Poland.
Molecules. 2019 Nov 16;24(22):4158. doi: 10.3390/molecules24224158.
Mountain arnica L. is a source of several metabolite classes with diverse biological activities. The chemical composition of essential oil and its major volatile components in arnica may vary depending on the geographical region, environmental factors, and plant organ. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of essential oil derived from achenes and to investigate its effect on induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human anaplastic astrocytoma MOGGCCM and glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell lines. The chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the achenes was examined with the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS. Only 16 components of the essential oil obtained from the achenes of 3-year-old plants and 18 components in the essential oil obtained from the achenes of 4-year-old plants constituted ca. 94.14% and 96.38% of the total EO content, respectively. The main components in the EO from the arnica achenes were 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (39.54 and 44.65%), cumene (13.24 and 10.71%), thymol methyl ether (8.66 and 8.63%), 2,6-diisopropylanisole (8.55 and 8.41%), decanal (7.31 and 6.28%), and 1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopent-3-enol (4.33 and 2.94%) in the 3- and 4-year-old plants, respectively. The essential oils were found to exert an anticancer effect by induction of cell death in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme cells. The induction of apoptosis at a level of 25.7-32.7% facilitates the use of this secondary metabolite in further studies focused on the development of glioma therapy in the future. Probably, this component plays a key role in the anticancer activity against the MOGGCCM and T98G cell lines. The present study is the first report on the composition and anticancer activities of essential oil from achenes, and further studies are required to explore its potential for future medicinal purposes.
山金车 L. 是多种具有不同生物活性的代谢物类别的来源。精油的化学成分及其主要挥发性成分在金车中可能因地理位置、环境因素和植物器官而异。本研究的目的是表征从瘦果中提取的精油的化学成分，并研究其对人星形细胞瘤 MOGGCCM 和多形性胶质母细胞瘤 T98G 细胞系诱导细胞凋亡和自噬的影响。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪 (GC-MS) 检查从瘦果中提取的精油的化学成分。仅 3 岁植物瘦果中提取的精油的 16 种成分和 4 岁植物瘦果中提取的精油的 18 种成分分别构成了总 EO 含量的约 94.14% 和 96.38%。精油中的主要成分从金车瘦果是 2,5-二甲氧基对伞花烃（39.54 和 44.65%）、枯烯（13.24 和 10.71%）、百里酚甲醚（8.66 和 8.63%）、2,6-二异丙基苯甲醚（8.55 和 8.41%）、癸醛（7.31 和 6.28%）和 1,2,2,3-四甲基环戊-3-烯醇（4.33 和 2.94%）在 3 岁和 4 岁植物中分别。精油通过诱导星形细胞瘤和多形性胶质母细胞瘤细胞死亡发挥抗癌作用。细胞凋亡的诱导水平为 25.7-32.7%，有利于在未来的胶质瘤治疗研究中进一步使用这种次生代谢物。可能，这种成分在针对 MOGGCCM 和 T98G 细胞系的抗癌活性中发挥关键作用。本研究首次报道了瘦果精油的组成和抗癌活性，需要进一步研究以探索其在未来药用方面的潜力。
