Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 24;15(12):2632. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122632.
Childhood and adolescent obesity are currently among the greatest challenges for public health. Physical activity, physical fitness, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), representing powerful indicators of healthy lifestyles, are shown as determinant factors in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of the present study has been to analyse the relationship between health-related physical fitness components, body composition, and adherence to MD in 387 Icelandic adolescents of 13⁻16-years old (54% boys). The ALPHA Fitness Test was used to measure physical fitness and body composition. The KIDMED questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to MD among participants. Associations between variables were tested according to gender and age using linear regression models and analysis of variance. Participants with high/medium adherence to MD showed significantly higher endurance scores in both the boys and the girls. Gender differences were found. The boys in high/medium MD categories had significantly lower fat percentages and ran a 4 × 10 m sprint faster than the girls. The girls scored higher than the boys in endurance and speed-agility tests. It can be concluded that a high and medium adherence to MD is associated with high and very high endurance in both the girls and the boys.
儿童和青少年肥胖目前是公共卫生面临的最大挑战之一。身体活动、身体健康和遵循地中海饮食（MD），这些都是健康生活方式的有力指标，被认为是预防和治疗肥胖的决定因素。本研究旨在分析 387 名 13-16 岁冰岛青少年（54%为男孩）的健康相关身体适应性成分、身体成分和对 MD 的依从性之间的关系。使用 ALPHA 健身测试来测量身体适应性和身体成分。使用 KIDMED 问卷评估参与者对 MD 的依从性。根据性别和年龄，使用线性回归模型和方差分析测试变量之间的相关性。在男孩和女孩中，对 MD 高度/中度依从的参与者的耐力得分明显更高。发现了性别差异。MD 高/中分类的男孩的体脂百分比明显较低，4×10 米冲刺速度比女孩快。女孩在耐力和速度敏捷性测试中的得分高于男孩。可以得出结论，无论是女孩还是男孩，对 MD 的高度和中度依从性与高和极高的耐力相关。
