Teffera Mahder, Babiuk Shawn
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Dec 20;6:450. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00450. eCollection 2019.
The genus capripoxvirus consists of sheeppox virus, goatpox virus, and lumpy skin disease virus, which affect sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. Together capripoxviruses cause significant economic losses to the sheep, goat, and cattle industry where these diseases are present. These diseases have spread into previously free bordering regions most recently demonstrated with the spread of lumpy skin disease virus into the Middle East, some Eastern European countries, and Russia. This recent spread has highlighted the transboundary nature of these diseases. To control lumpy skin disease virus, live attenuated viral vaccines are used in endemic countries as well as in response to an outbreak. For sheeppox and goatpox, live attenuated viral vaccines are used in endemic countries; these diseases can also be contained through slaughter of infected animals to stamp out the disease. The thermostability, narrow host range, and ability of capripoxviruses to express a wide variety of antigens make capripoxviruses ideal vectors. The ability to immunize animals against multiple diseases simultaneously increases vaccination efficiency by decreasing the number of vaccinations required. Additionally, the use of capripoxvirus vectored vaccines allows the possibility of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals. Arboviruses such as bluetongue virus and Rift Valley fever viruses are also responsible for significant economic losses in endemic countries. In the case of Rift Valley fever virus, vaccination is not routinely practiced unless there is an outbreak making vaccination not as effective, therefore, incorporating Rift Valley fever vaccination into routine capripoxvirus vaccination would be highly beneficial. This review will discuss the potential of using capripoxvirus as a vector expressing protective arboviral antigens.
山羊痘病毒属包括绵羊痘病毒、山羊痘病毒和结节性皮炎病毒，它们分别感染绵羊、山羊和牛。山羊痘病毒一起给存在这些疾病的绵羊、山羊和养牛业造成了重大经济损失。这些疾病已经蔓延到以前未受影响的接壤地区，最近结节性皮炎病毒传播到中东、一些东欧国家和俄罗斯就证明了这一点。最近的这种传播凸显了这些疾病的跨界性质。为了控制结节性皮炎病毒，减毒活病毒疫苗在流行国家以及应对疫情时使用。对于绵羊痘和山羊痘，减毒活病毒疫苗在流行国家使用；这些疾病也可以通过屠宰感染动物来根除。山羊痘病毒的热稳定性、狭窄的宿主范围以及表达多种抗原的能力使其成为理想的载体。同时对动物进行多种疾病免疫的能力通过减少所需的疫苗接种次数提高了疫苗接种效率。此外，使用山羊痘病毒载体疫苗有可能区分感染动物 和接种疫苗的动物 。诸如蓝舌病毒和裂谷热病毒等虫媒病毒也在流行国家造成重大经济损失。就裂谷热病毒而言，除非爆发疫情，否则通常不进行疫苗接种，因此疫苗接种效果不佳，将裂谷热疫苗接种纳入常规山羊痘病毒疫苗接种将非常有益。本综述将讨论使用山羊痘病毒作为表达保护性虫媒病毒抗原载体的潜力。
