Flaujac Lafontaine Geraldine M, Richards Philip J, Connerton Phillippa L, O'Kane Peter M, Ghaffar Nacheervan M, Cummings Nicola J, Fish Neville M, Connerton Ian F
Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
Saputo Dairy UK, Dairy Crest Innovation Centre, Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jan 14;10:3030. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03030. eCollection 2019.
Worldwide is a leading cause of foodborne disease. Contamination of chicken meat with digesta from -positive birds during slaughter and processing is a key route of transmission to humans through the food chain. Colonization of chickens with elicits host innate immune responses that may be modulated by dietary additives to provide a reduction in the number of campylobacters colonizing the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce the likelihood of human exposure to an infectious dose. Here we report the effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on broiler chickens colonized with when challenged at either an early stage in development at 6 days of age or 20 days old when campylobacters are frequently detected in commercial flocks. GOS-fed birds had increased growth performance, but the levels of colonizing the cecal pouches were unchanged irrespective of the age of challenge. Dietary GOS modulated the immune response to by increasing cytokine IL-17A expression at colonization. Correspondingly, reduced diversity of the cecal microbiota was associated with colonization in GOS-fed birds. In birds challenged at 6 days-old the reduction in microbial diversity was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of spp. Whilst immuno-modulation of the Th17 pro-inflammatory response did not prevent colonization of the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, the study highlights the potential for combinations of prebiotics, and specific competitors (synbiotics) to engage with the host innate immunity to reduce pathogen burdens.
空肠弯曲菌是食源性疾病的主要病因。鸡肉在屠宰和加工过程中被阳性禽类的消化物污染，是通过食物链传播给人类的关键途径。空肠弯曲菌在鸡体内定殖会引发宿主的先天性免疫反应，而膳食添加剂可能会调节这种反应，从而减少在胃肠道定殖的空肠弯曲菌数量，进而降低人类接触感染剂量的可能性。在此，我们报告了益生元低聚半乳糖（GOS）对定殖有空肠弯曲菌的肉鸡的影响，这些肉鸡分别在6日龄发育早期或20日龄（此时在商业鸡群中经常检测到空肠弯曲菌）受到挑战。喂食GOS的鸡生长性能有所提高，但无论挑战时的年龄如何，盲肠囊中定殖的空肠弯曲菌水平均未改变。膳食GOS通过在定殖时增加细胞因子IL-17A的表达来调节对空肠弯曲菌的免疫反应。相应地，在喂食GOS的鸡中，盲肠微生物群多样性的降低与空肠弯曲菌定殖有关。在6日龄受到挑战的鸡中，微生物多样性的降低伴随着弯曲杆菌属相对丰度的增加。虽然Th17促炎反应的免疫调节并不能阻止空肠弯曲菌在肉鸡肠道中的定殖，但该研究强调了益生元与特定竞争者（合生元）组合与宿主先天性免疫相互作用以降低病原体负担的潜力。
