Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 15;713:136635. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136635. Epub 2020 Jan 15.
Biochar application in agricultural soils can be highly beneficial to plant productivity. However, how plant productivity response (PPR) [% change of plant yield from control (without biochar application)] to biochar application is affected by biochar properties, soil conditions, and their combinations is still unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis based on 1254 paired comparisons from 153 published studies was conducted. The grand mean of PPR was estimated to be 16.0 ± 1.3%, regardless of biochar/soil conditions. Meanwhile, a large variation of PPR from -31.8% to 974% was also observed under different biochar or/and soil conditions. Specifically, biochar properties including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), contents of carbon and ash, bulk density, and soil conditions including texture, pH, CEC, nitrogen content, and C/N ratio significantly affected the results of PPR to biochar addition. Furthermore, the liming effect, improvement in soil physical structure, and increased nutrient use efficiency were suggested as the key mechanisms for the positive PPR in biochar-amended soils. Moreover, PPR could be significantly affected (strengthened or weakened) by the combined effect of biochar properties and soil conditions. Overall, the application of biochars with high ash content (or low carbon content) into sandy soils or acidic soils is highly recommended for increasing plant productivity. This meta-analysis will provide helpful information to elucidate the combined effect of biochar properties and soil conditions on plant growth, which is critical for developing engineered biochar with specific functionality to promote plant production and food security.
生物炭在农业土壤中的应用对植物生产力有很大的好处。然而，生物炭特性、土壤条件及其组合如何影响植物生产力响应（PPR）[相对于对照（无生物炭应用）的植物产量变化的百分比]仍不清楚。因此，进行了基于 153 项已发表研究的 1254 对比较的荟萃分析。无论生物炭/土壤条件如何，PPR 的总平均值估计为 16.0 ± 1.3%。同时，在不同的生物炭或/和土壤条件下，PPR 的变化范围也很大，从-31.8%到 974%。具体而言，生物炭特性，包括 pH 值、阳离子交换能力（CEC）、碳和灰分含量、体积密度，以及土壤特性，包括质地、pH 值、CEC、氮含量和 C/N 比，显著影响了 PPR 对生物炭添加的结果。此外，提出了石灰化效应、土壤物理结构的改善以及养分利用效率的提高是生物炭改良土壤中产生正 PPR 的关键机制。此外，生物炭特性和土壤条件的综合效应可能显著影响（增强或减弱）PPR。总体而言，建议将高灰分（或低碳含量）的生物炭应用于沙质土壤或酸性土壤中，以提高植物生产力。这项荟萃分析将为阐明生物炭特性和土壤条件对植物生长的综合效应提供有价值的信息，这对于开发具有特定功能的工程化生物炭以促进植物生产和粮食安全至关重要。
