Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 May;26(5):976-984. doi: 10.3201/eid2605.190995. Epub 2020 May 17.
Influenza virus infections are believed to spread mostly by close contact in the community. Social distancing measures are essential components of the public health response to influenza pandemics. The objective of these mitigation measures is to reduce transmission, thereby delaying the epidemic peak, reducing the size of the epidemic peak, and spreading cases over a longer time to relieve pressure on the healthcare system. We conducted systematic reviews of the evidence base for effectiveness of multiple mitigation measures: isolating ill persons, contact tracing, quarantining exposed persons, school closures, workplace measures/closures, and avoiding crowding. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of these measures was obtained largely from observational studies and simulation studies. Voluntary isolation at home might be a more feasible social distancing measure, and pandemic plans should consider how to facilitate this measure. More drastic social distancing measures might be reserved for severe pandemics.
流感病毒感染被认为主要通过社区内的密切接触传播。社会隔离措施是应对流感大流行的公共卫生措施的重要组成部分。这些缓解措施的目的是减少传播，从而延迟疫情高峰期，减少疫情高峰期的规模，并将病例传播时间延长，以减轻医疗系统的压力。我们对多种缓解措施的有效性进行了系统评价：隔离病人、接触者追踪、隔离接触者、学校停课、工作场所措施/关闭以及避免拥挤。支持这些措施有效性的证据主要来自观察性研究和模拟研究。在家中自愿隔离可能是一种更可行的社会隔离措施，大流行计划应考虑如何促进这一措施。更严厉的社会隔离措施可能会保留给严重的大流行。
