Dopazo Carlos P
Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Pathogens. 2020 Feb 4;9(2):94. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9020094.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a disease of great concern in aquaculture, mainly among salmonid farmers, since losses in salmonid fish-mostly very young rainbow trout () fry and Atlantic salmon () post-smolt-frequently reach 80-90% of stocks. The virus causing the typical signs of the IPN disease in salmonids, named infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), has also been isolated from other fish species either suffering related diseases (then named IPNV-like virus) or asymptomatic; the general term aquabirnavirus is used to encompass all these viruses. Aquabirnaviruses are non-enveloped, icosahedral bisegmented dsRNA viruses, whose genome codifies five viral proteins, three of which are structural, and one of them is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Due to the great importance of the disease, there have been great efforts to find a way to predict the level of virulence of IPNV isolates. The viral genome and proteins have been the main focus of research. However, to date such a reliable magic marker has not been discovered. This review describes the processes followed for decades in the attempts to discover the viral determinants of virulence, and to help the reader understand how viral components can be involved in virulence modulation in vitro and in vivo. There is also a brief description of the disease, of host defenses, and of the molecular structure and function of the virus and its viral components.
传染性胰腺坏死（IPN）是水产养殖中备受关注的一种疾病，在鲑科鱼类养殖者中尤为突出，因为鲑科鱼类（主要是非常幼小的虹鳟鱼苗和大西洋鲑后幼鱼）的损失常常达到种群数量的80% - 90%。在鲑科鱼类中引发IPN疾病典型症状的病毒，即传染性胰腺坏死病毒（IPNV），也已从其他患有相关疾病（当时称为IPNV样病毒）或无症状的鱼类物种中分离出来；通用术语水生双RNA病毒用于涵盖所有这些病毒。水生双RNA病毒是无包膜的二十面体双节段双链RNA病毒，其基因组编码五种病毒蛋白，其中三种是结构蛋白，一种是RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶。由于该疾病的重要性，人们一直在努力寻找预测IPNV分离株毒力水平的方法。病毒基因组和蛋白一直是研究的主要焦点。然而，迄今为止尚未发现这样一种可靠的神奇标志物。本综述描述了数十年来为发现毒力的病毒决定因素所采取的过程，并帮助读者了解病毒成分如何在体外和体内参与毒力调节。文中还简要介绍了该疾病、宿主防御以及病毒及其病毒成分的分子结构和功能。
