Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
Dig Dis Sci. 2021 Feb;66(2):381-397. doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06200-x. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
Approximately 80% of the human genome harbors biochemical marks of active transcription that its majority transcribes to noncoding RNAs, namely long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs are heterogeneous RNA transcripts that regulate critical biological processes such as cell survival and death. They involve in the progression of different cancers by affecting transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications as well as epigenetic control of numerous tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Recent findings show that aberrant expression of lncRNAs is associated with tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and overall survival of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Some lncRNAs play as tumor suppressors in all GI cancers, but others play as tumor promoters. However, some other lncRNAs might function as a tumor suppressor in one GI cancer, but as a tumor promoter in another GI cancer type. This fact highlights possible context dependency of the expression patterns and roles of at least some lncRNAs in GI cancer development and progression. Here, we review the functional relation of lncRNAs involved in the development and progression of GI cancer by focusing on their roles as tumor suppressor and tumor promoter genes.
大约 80%的人类基因组携带有活跃转录的生化标记物，其大多数转录为非编码 RNA，即长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）。lncRNA 是异质的 RNA 转录物，可调节细胞存活和死亡等关键的生物学过程。它们通过影响转录和转录后修饰以及许多肿瘤抑制基因和癌基因的表观遗传控制，参与不同癌症的进展。最近的研究结果表明，lncRNA 的异常表达与胃肠道（GI）癌症患者的肿瘤起始、进展、浸润和总生存率有关。一些 lncRNA 在所有 GI 癌症中都作为肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用，但其他 lncRNA 则作为肿瘤促进因子发挥作用。然而，其他一些 lncRNA 可能在一种 GI 癌症中作为肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用，但在另一种 GI 癌症类型中作为肿瘤促进因子发挥作用。这一事实突出了至少一些 lncRNA 在 GI 癌症发展和进展中的表达模式和作用可能存在上下文依赖性。在这里，我们通过关注其作为肿瘤抑制因子和肿瘤促进基因的作用，综述了参与 GI 癌症发生和发展的 lncRNA 的功能关系。
