Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;111(6):1127-1136. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa046.
With the rising rates of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, there is a growing need for effective long-term weight-loss strategies, coupled with an understanding of how they interface with human physiology. Interest is growing in the potential role of gut microbes as they pertain to responses to different weight-loss diets; however, the ways that diet, the gut microbiota, and long-term weight loss influence one another is not well understood.
Our primary objective was to determine if baseline microbiota composition or diversity was associated with weight-loss success. A secondary objective was to track the longitudinal associations of changes to lower-carbohydrate or lower-fat diets and concomitant weight loss with the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile microbiota composition over a 12-mo period in 49 participants as part of a larger randomized dietary intervention study of participants consuming either a healthy low-carbohydrate or a healthy low-fat diet.
While baseline microbiota composition was not predictive of weight loss, each diet resulted in substantial changes in the microbiota 3-mo after the start of the intervention; some of these changes were diet specific (14 taxonomic changes specific to the healthy low-carbohydrate diet, 12 taxonomic changes specific to the healthy low-fat diet) and others tracked with weight loss (7 taxonomic changes in both diets). After these initial shifts, the microbiota returned near its original baseline state for the remainder of the intervention, despite participants maintaining their diet and weight loss for the entire study.
These results suggest a resilience to perturbation of the microbiota's starting profile. When considering the established contribution of obesity-associated microbiotas to weight gain in animal models, microbiota resilience may need to be overcome for long-term alterations to human physiology. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01826591.
随着肥胖率和相关代谢紊乱的上升，人们越来越需要有效的长期减肥策略，并了解它们与人体生理学的相互作用。人们对肠道微生物在不同减肥饮食中的作用越来越感兴趣；然而，饮食、肠道微生物群和长期减肥如何相互影响还不太清楚。
我们的主要目的是确定基线微生物群组成或多样性是否与减肥成功相关。次要目的是跟踪低碳水化合物或低脂肪饮食的变化以及随之而来的体重减轻与肠道微生物群组成和多样性的纵向关联。
我们使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因扩增子测序在 49 名参与者中进行了为期 12 个月的微生物群组成分析，作为参与者进行健康低碳水化合物或健康低脂肪饮食的更大随机饮食干预研究的一部分。
虽然基线微生物群组成不能预测减肥，但每种饮食在干预开始后 3 个月都会导致微生物群发生实质性变化；其中一些变化是饮食特异性的（健康低碳水化合物饮食特异性的 14 个分类变化，健康低脂肪饮食特异性的 12 个分类变化），其他变化与体重减轻有关（两种饮食中都有 7 个分类变化）。在这些初始变化之后，尽管参与者在整个研究期间保持饮食和减肥，但微生物群在干预的剩余时间内恢复到其原始基线状态。
这些结果表明微生物群起始特征具有抗扰性。考虑到肥胖相关微生物群在动物模型中对体重增加的既定贡献，可能需要克服微生物群的弹性来实现对人体生理学的长期改变。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT01826591。
