Molecular identification of species and biovars associated with animal and human infection in Iran.

Brucellosis is a costly contagious disease of human, domestic and wild animals. It is a serious health problem in Iran causing significant economic losses therefore, control approaches to prevent its spread are of great importance. In Iran, the species and biovars of virulent species are still under-reported due to the inadequate diagnostic protocols and insufficient laboratory facilities. The objective of this study was to characterize isolates obtained from passive animal and human surveillance in Iran from 2011 to 2018 in order to understand the current epidemiological situation of the disease. A total of 419 samples (milk, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, abomasum content and aborted fetus tissues) were collected from 65 cases/case series (human and animals) and examined bacteriologically. The initially identified isolates were further characterized using phenotypic and molecular approaches. All recovered isolates were either or . The infection in sheep appeared to be exclusively associated with but both and were common in bovine samples. Samples from one sheep and one goat were confirmed to be infected by the vaccine strain Rev1. In spite of burden in animals (14 cases in cattle and camel), brucellosis in human was predominantly associated with (15 cases). The results confirmed that  biovar 1 and biovar 3 remain the most prevalent biovars in Iran. This report builds a picture of the significance of different species in different hosts in Iran and provides applicable information for the healthcare professionals about the public health risks of brucellosis and relevant preventive strategies.