Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Cities Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMACC), Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Cities Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMACC), Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Environ Res. 2020 Jun;185:109406. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109406. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Frequent floods and droughts have brought serious impact on economy, society and living environment in East China. Based on the disaster census data of rainstorm-induced flood (including landslide and mud-rock flow) and drought disasters in 637 counties (districts) in East China, the distribution and change of flood and drought disasters were analyzed. The results indicate that the number of records of flood disaster increased at a rate of 77.4 times per decade from 1984 to 2010, while that of drought disaster had no significant trend in East China as a whole. Population affected by floods and droughts increased at rates of 8.7 million and 3.8 million persons per decade, respectively, and the direct economic losses increased at rates of 12.6 billion and 1.9 billion Chinese Yuan per decade respectively, whereas the affected area and the total failure area of crops caused by floods and droughts showed no clear trends. Spatially, the number of records of floods in the southern parts of East China was higher than that in the northern parts, and Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian had more records of affected population, deaths, affected crops, total crop failures and direct economic losses, as well as more affected population and deaths. The affected crop area and total crop failure area by floods were also larger in Anhui, Jiangxi and Jiangsu. Drought disaster had higher number of records of affected population, affected crops, total crop failures and direct economic losses in Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shandong, and also affected more people and larger area of crops, leading to larger area of total crop failures and higher direct economic losses in Anhui, Jiangxi and Shandong. The results can provide reference for disaster risk regionalization and environmental risk assessment in East China.
华东地区频繁的洪涝和干旱灾害给经济、社会和生活环境带来了严重影响。基于暴雨诱发的洪涝（包括滑坡和泥石流）和干旱灾害在华东地区 637 个县（区）的灾害普查数据，分析了洪涝和干旱灾害的分布和变化。结果表明，1984 年至 2010 年期间，洪涝灾害记录数以每十年 77.4 倍的速度增加，而华东地区整体干旱灾害则没有明显趋势。受洪涝和干旱灾害影响的人口分别以每年 870 万人和 380 万人的速度增加，直接经济损失分别以每年 126 亿元和 19 亿元的速度增加，而受灾面积和洪涝干旱造成的农作物总受灾面积则没有明显趋势。在空间上，华东南部地区的洪涝灾害记录数高于北部地区，安徽、江西、浙江和福建的受灾人口、死亡人数、受灾作物、农作物总受灾面积和直接经济损失记录较多，以及更多的受灾人口和死亡人数。安徽、江西和江苏的洪涝灾害受灾作物面积和农作物总受灾面积也较大。安徽、江西、浙江和山东的干旱灾害受灾人口、受灾作物、农作物总受灾面积和直接经济损失记录较多，且受灾人口和受灾作物面积也较大，导致安徽、江西和山东的农作物总受灾面积和直接经济损失较大。研究结果可为华东地区的灾害风险区划和环境风险评估提供参考。
