ANSES, Fougères Laboratory, France.
ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, France.
Vet Microbiol. 2020 Apr;243:108637. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108637. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
This paper presents the impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry and pig bacteria of the French EcoAntibio plan, a public policy to reduce antimicrobial use in animals. The analysis was performed using sales data of veterinary antimicrobials and AMR data from bacteria obtained at slaughterhouse and from diseased animals. From 2011-2018, fluoroquinolones exposure decreased by 71.5 % for poultry and 89.7 % for pigs. For Campylobacter jejuni isolated from broilers at slaughterhouses, ciprofloxacin resistance increased from 51 % in 2010 to 63 % in 2018, whereas for turkeys the percentages varied from 56 % in 2014 to 63 % in 2018. For commensal E. coli isolated from the caecal content of broilers at slaughterhouses, the resistance to ciprofloxacin - assessed using an epidemiological cut-off value - increased in broiler isolates from 30.7 % in 2010 to 38.1 % in 2018. In turkeys, the percentage of resistant E. coli isolates decreased from 21.3 % in 2014 to 15.2 % in 2018, whereas in pigs, it increased from 1.9 % in 2009 to 5.5 % in 2017. However, for E. coli isolated from diseased animals, when the breakpoints of 2018 were applied, resistance to fluoroquinolones significantly decreased between 2010 and 2018 from 9.0%-5.4% for broilers/hens, from 7.4 % to 3.4 % for turkeys and from 9.4 % to 3.6 % for pigs. These data show that the major, rapid decrease in the exposition to fluoroquinolones had contrasting effects on resistance in the diverse bacterial collections. Co-selection or fitness of resistant strains may explain why changes in AMR do not always closely mirror changes in use.
本文介绍了法国 EcoAntibio 计划（一项旨在减少动物抗菌药物使用的公共政策）对禽畜细菌中抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的影响。该分析使用兽医抗菌药物销售数据和屠宰场及患病动物分离的细菌 AMR 数据进行。2011-2018 年，禽用氟喹诺酮类药物暴露量下降 71.5%，猪用下降 89.7%。2010 年至 2018 年，屠宰场肉鸡分离的空肠弯曲菌对环丙沙星的耐药率从 51%增加到 63%，而火鸡的耐药率从 2014 年的 56%增加到 63%。屠宰场肉鸡盲肠内容物中分离的共生大肠杆菌，用流行病学折点值评估对环丙沙星的耐药性，2010 年至 2018 年鸡源分离株从 30.7%增加到 38.1%。2014 年至 2018 年，火鸡源分离株耐药大肠杆菌的比例从 21.3%下降到 15.2%，而猪源分离株耐药大肠杆菌的比例从 2009 年的 1.9%增加到 2017 年的 5.5%。然而，对于来自患病动物的大肠杆菌，当应用 2018 年的折点时，2010 年至 2018 年，鸡/母鸡源、火鸡源和猪源的氟喹诺酮类药物耐药率分别从 9.0%-5.4%显著下降至 7.4%-3.4%和 9.4%-3.6%。这些数据表明，氟喹诺酮类药物暴露量的大幅快速下降，对不同细菌群耐药性的影响不同。共选择或耐药菌株的适应性可能解释了为什么 AMR 的变化并不总是与使用情况的变化紧密相关。
