Wu Weida, Zhang Li, Xia Bing, Tang Shanlong, Xie Jingjing, Zhang Hongfu
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
Microorganisms. 2020 Apr 8;8(4):535. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8040535.
The use of prebiotics to regulate gut microbiota is a promising strategy to improve gut health. Pectin (PEC) is a prebiotic carbohydrate that enhances the health of the gut by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. These microbes produce metabolites that are known to improve mucosal immune responses. This study was conducted to better understand effects of PEC on the microbiome and mucosal immunity in pigs. Pigs were fed two diets, with or without 5% apple PEC, for 72 days. Effects of PEC on the microbiota, cytokine expression, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration and barrier function were examined in the ileum and cecum of the pigs. An integrative analysis was used to determine interactions of PEC consumption with bacterial metabolites and microbiome composition and host mucosal responses. Consumption of PEC reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-18, and the activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling cascade. Expression of and and the sIgA content was upregulated in the mucosa of PEC-fed pigs. Network analysis revealed that PEC induced significant interactions between microbiome composition in the ileum and cecum on mucosal immune pathways. PEC-induced changes in bacterial genera and fermentation metabolites, such as , , , and butyrate, correlated with the differentially expressed genes and cytokines in the mucosa. In summary, the results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of PEC on mucosal immune status in the ileum and cecum effected through modulation of the host microbiome.
使用益生元调节肠道微生物群是改善肠道健康的一种有前景的策略。果胶（PEC）是一种益生元碳水化合物，通过促进有益微生物的生长来增强肠道健康。这些微生物产生的代谢产物已知可改善黏膜免疫反应。本研究旨在更好地了解PEC对猪微生物群和黏膜免疫的影响。给猪喂食两种日粮，一种含5%苹果PEC，另一种不含，持续72天。检测了PEC对猪回肠和盲肠中微生物群、细胞因子表达、短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度和屏障功能的影响。采用综合分析来确定食用PEC与细菌代谢产物、微生物群组成和宿主黏膜反应之间的相互作用。食用PEC可降低促炎细胞因子如IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-8、IL-12和IL-18的表达，以及促炎NF-κB信号级联的激活。在喂食PEC的猪的黏膜中， 和 的表达以及分泌型IgA含量上调。网络分析显示，PEC在回肠和盲肠的微生物群组成与黏膜免疫途径之间诱导了显著的相互作用。PEC诱导的细菌属和发酵代谢产物如 、 、 、 和丁酸盐的变化与黏膜中差异表达的基因和细胞因子相关。总之，结果表明PEC通过调节宿主微生物群对回肠和盲肠的黏膜免疫状态具有抗炎特性。
