Tiki Takele, Taye Kefyalew, Duko Bereket
1Department of Psychiatry Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
2Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 6;19:24. doi: 10.1186/s12991-020-00275-6. eCollection 2020.
Depression during pregnancy, the most prevalent mental health problem, can alter fetal development and has important consequences on the offspring's physical and mental health. Evidence suggests increasing rates of prevalence of depression in low-income settings such as Ethiopia. However, there are a few studies on the topic with inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antenatal depression and its correlates among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the West Shoa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, from February 20, 2018, to March 20, 2018. Pregnant women were recruited by using cluster sampling techniques. Data on socio-demographic, obstetric, and psychosocial characteristics were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression during pregnancy. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to identify correlates of depression. The level of statistical significance was declared at value < 0.05.
The mean age (± SD) of the pregnant women was 28.41 ± 5.9 years. The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 32.3%. When we adjusted for possible confounding variables in the final model; those pregnant mothers with an average monthly income of less than 500 (18 USD) Ethiopian birr [AOR = 3.19, 95% CI (1.47, 6.96)], unplanned pregnancy [AOR = 1.52, 95% CI (1.04, 2.21)] and having history of abortion [AOR = 5.13, 95% CI (2.42, 10.85)] have higher odds of depression when compared to their counterparts.
The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was high. Strengthening the counseling service as well as increasing access and availability of modern contraceptive methods may reduce the rates of unplanned pregnancy in Ethiopia and this, in turn, plays a significant role in alleviating a resultant depression. Further, the integration of mental health services with existing maternal health care as well as strengthening the referral system among public health centers was warranted to minimize antenatal depression in the West Shoa zone health facilities.
孕期抑郁症是最常见的心理健康问题，会改变胎儿发育，并对后代的身心健康产生重要影响。有证据表明，在埃塞俄比亚等低收入地区，抑郁症的患病率在上升。然而，关于该主题的研究较少，且结果不一致。因此，本研究的目的是调查埃塞俄比亚孕妇中产前抑郁症的患病率及其相关因素。
2018年2月20日至2018年3月20日，在埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州西绍阿地区开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用整群抽样技术招募孕妇。通过访谈员管理的问卷收集社会人口学、产科和心理社会特征的数据。使用患者健康问卷（PHQ - 9）评估孕期抑郁症。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定抑郁症的相关因素。统计学显著性水平设定为P值<0.05。
孕妇的平均年龄（±标准差）为28.41±5.9岁。孕期抑郁症的患病率为32.3%。在最终模型中对可能的混杂变量进行调整后；平均月收入低于500埃塞俄比亚比尔（18美元）的孕妇[AOR = 3.19，95%CI（1.47，6.96）]、意外怀孕的孕妇[AOR = 1.52，95%CI（1.04，2.21）]以及有流产史的孕妇[AOR = 5.13，95%CI（2.42，10.85）]，与对照组相比，患抑郁症的几率更高。
孕期抑郁症的患病率较高。加强咨询服务以及增加现代避孕方法的可及性和可得性，可能会降低埃塞俄比亚意外怀孕的发生率，进而在缓解由此导致的抑郁症方面发挥重要作用。此外，将心理健康服务与现有的孕产妇保健相结合，并加强公共卫生中心之间的转诊系统，对于最大限度减少西绍阿地区卫生设施中的产前抑郁症是必要的。
