Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica.
Molecules. 2020 Apr 10;25(7):1720. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071720.
Inositol, or myo-inositol, and associated analog molecules, including myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, are known to possess beneficial biomedical properties and are now being widely studied. The impact of these compounds in improving diabetic indices is significant, especially in light of the high cost of treating diabetes mellitus and associated disorders globally. It is theorized that, within ten years, the global population of people with the disease will reach 578 million individuals, with the cost of care projected to be approximately 2.5 trillion dollars. Natural alternatives to pharmaceuticals are being sought, and this has led to studies involving inositol, and myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate, also referred to as IP6. It has been reported that IP6 can improve diabetic indices and regulate the activities of some metabolic enzymes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Current research activities have been focusing on the mechanisms of action of inositol and IP6 in the amelioration of the indices of diabetes mellitus. We demonstrated that an IP6 and inositol combination supplement may regulate insulin secretion, modulate serum leptin concentrations, food intake, and associated weight gain, which may be beneficial in both prediabetic and diabetic states. The supplement attenuates vascular damage by reducing red cell distribution width. Serum HDL is increased while serum triglycerides tend to decrease with consumption of the combination supplement, perhaps due to the modulation of lipogenesis involving reduced serum lipase activity. We also noted increased fecal lipid output following combination supplement consumption. Importantly, liver function was found to be preserved. Concurrently, serum reactive oxygen species production was reduced, indicating that inositol and IP6 supplement consumption may reduce free radical damage to tissues and organs as well as serum lipids and blood glucose by preserving liver function. This review provides an overview of the findings associated with inositol and IP6 supplementation in the effective treatment of diabetes with a view to proposing the potential mechanisms of action.
肌醇，或肌醇，以及相关的类似物分子，包括肌醇六磷酸，已知具有有益的生物医学特性，目前正在广泛研究。这些化合物在改善糖尿病指数方面的作用非常显著，尤其是考虑到全球治疗糖尿病及其相关疾病的成本高昂。据推测，在未来十年内，全球糖尿病患者人数将达到 5.78 亿人，预计治疗费用约为 2.5 万亿美元。人们正在寻找替代药物的天然替代品，这导致了对肌醇和肌醇六磷酸（也称为 IP6）的研究。据报道，IP6 可以改善糖尿病指数，并调节参与脂质和碳水化合物代谢的一些代谢酶的活性。目前的研究活动一直集中在肌醇和 IP6 改善糖尿病指数的作用机制上。我们证明，IP6 和肌醇的组合补充剂可能调节胰岛素分泌，调节血清瘦素浓度、食物摄入和相关体重增加，这对糖尿病前期和糖尿病状态都可能有益。该补充剂通过降低红细胞分布宽度来减轻血管损伤。血清高密度脂蛋白增加，而血清甘油三酯倾向于降低，这可能是由于血清脂肪酶活性降低导致脂肪生成的调节。我们还注意到，组合补充剂的消耗后粪便中的脂质排泄量增加。重要的是，肝功能得以保留。同时，血清活性氧的产生减少，表明肌醇和 IP6 补充剂的消耗可能通过保护肝功能来减少自由基对组织和器官以及血清脂质和血糖的损害。这篇综述概述了与肌醇和 IP6 补充剂在有效治疗糖尿病方面的相关研究结果，并提出了潜在的作用机制。
