Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 17;69(15):433-438. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6915a1.
Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx account for 3% of cancers diagnosed in the United States* each year. Cancers at these sites can differ anatomically and histologically and might have different causal factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol use, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) (1). Incidence of combined oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers declined during the 1980s but began to increase around 1999 (2,3). Because tobacco use has declined in the United States, accompanied by a decrease in incidence of many tobacco-related cancers, researchers have suggested that the increase in oral cavity and pharynx cancers might be attributed to anatomic sites with specific cell types in which HPV DNA is often found (4,5). U.S. Cancer Statistics data were analyzed to examine trends in incidence of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx by anatomic site, sex, race/ethnicity, and age group. During 2007-2016, incidence rates increased for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx combined, base of tongue, anterior tongue, gum, tonsil, oropharynx, and other oral cavity and pharynx. Incidence rates declined for cancers of the lip, floor of mouth, soft palate and uvula, hard palate, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx, and were stable for cancers of the cheek and other mouth and salivary gland. Ongoing implementation of proven population-based strategies to prevent tobacco use initiation, promote smoking cessation, reduce excessive alcohol use, and increase HPV vaccination rates might help prevent cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx.
口腔和咽癌约占美国每年新诊断癌症的 3%*。这些部位的癌症在解剖和组织学上可能存在差异，并且可能有不同的致病因素，例如烟草使用、酒精使用和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染（1）。在 20 世纪 80 年代，口腔和咽癌的发病率有所下降，但在 1999 年左右开始上升（2,3）。由于美国的烟草使用量下降，许多与烟草相关的癌症的发病率也随之下降，研究人员认为，口腔和咽癌的增加可能归因于特定细胞类型的解剖部位，这些部位通常存在 HPV DNA（4,5）。分析了美国癌症统计数据，以检查口腔和咽癌按解剖部位、性别、种族/族裔和年龄组的发病率趋势。2007-2016 年期间，口腔和咽癌、舌根、舌尖、牙龈、扁桃体、口咽和其他口腔和咽癌的综合发病率上升。唇癌、口底癌、软腭和悬雍垂癌、硬腭癌、下咽癌和鼻咽癌的发病率下降，颊癌和其他口腔和唾液腺癌的发病率稳定。实施预防烟草使用、促进戒烟、减少过量饮酒和提高 HPV 疫苗接种率等经证实的基于人群的策略，可能有助于预防口腔和咽癌。
