Griffiths Jiranan, Thaikruea Lakkana, Wongpakaran Nahathai, Munkhetvit Peeraya
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2020 Mar 26;10(1):38-45. doi: 10.1159/000506279. eCollection 2020 Jan-Apr.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal cognition and dementia. A review showed that 10-15% of those with MCI annually progressed to Alzheimer's disease.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with MCI as well as the characteristics of cognitive deficits among older people in rural Thailand.
A cross-sectional study in 482 people who were 60 years old and over was conducted in northern Thailand. The assessments were administered by trained occupational therapists using demographic and health characteristics, Mental Status Examination Thai 10, Activities of Daily Living - Thai Assessment Scale, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B, Thai version).
The mean age of MCI was 68.3 ± 6.82 years, and most had an education ≤4 years. The prevalence of MCI in older people was 71.4% (344 out of 482), and it increased with age. Low education and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the significant risk factors associated with cognitive decline. Older people with MCI were more likely to have an education ≤4 years (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21-2.51) and DM (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36) than those who did not. The 3 most common cognitive impairments according to MoCA-B were executive function (86%), alternating attention (33.1%) and delayed recall (31.1%).
The prevalence of MCI in older Thai people in a rural area is high compared with that in other countries. The explanation might be due to low education and underlying disease associated with MCI. A suitable program that can reduce the prospects of MCI in rural Thailand is needed.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是正常认知与痴呆之间的过渡阶段。一项综述表明，每年有10% - 15%的MCI患者会进展为阿尔茨海默病。
本研究旨在调查泰国农村老年人中MCI的患病率、相关危险因素以及认知缺陷的特征。
在泰国北部对482名60岁及以上的人群进行了横断面研究。评估由经过培训的职业治疗师进行，采用人口统计学和健康特征、泰国版简易精神状态检查表、泰国版日常生活活动能力评估量表、15项老年抑郁量表以及蒙特利尔认知评估基础版（MoCA - B，泰语版）。
MCI患者的平均年龄为68.3 ± 6.82岁，大多数人受教育年限≤4年。老年人中MCI的患病率为71.4%（482人中的344人），且随年龄增加而上升。低教育水平和糖尿病（DM）是与认知衰退相关的重要危险因素。与未患MCI的老年人相比，患MCI的老年人受教育年限≤4年（相对风险1.74，95%置信区间1.21 - 2.51）和患DM（相对风险1.19，95%置信区间1.04 - 1.36）的可能性更高。根据MoCA - B，最常见的3种认知障碍是执行功能（86%）、交替注意力（33.1%）和延迟回忆（31.1%）。
与其他国家相比，泰国农村地区老年人群中MCI的患病率较高。原因可能是低教育水平以及与MCI相关的基础疾病。需要制定一个合适的项目来降低泰国农村地区MCI的发病几率。
