Xiao Han, Kang Sona
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
Front Genet. 2020 Apr 7;11:297. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00297. eCollection 2020.
Obesity is a complex disease attributable to many factors including genetics and environmental influences. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of obesity and other metabolic disorders. This article reviews the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of energy balance and the development of obesity, and how the microbiota communicates with host tissues, in particular adipose tissue. We discuss several external factors that interfere with the interplay between gut microbiota and host tissue metabolism, including cold exposure, diet regimens, and genetic manipulations. We also review the role of diet-derived metabolites that regulate thermogenesis and thus energy homeostasis. Among the gut microbial metabolites, we emphasize short-chain fatty acids, which could be utilized by the host as a direct energy source while regulating the appetite of the host through the gut-brain axis.
肥胖是一种复杂的疾病，由多种因素引起，包括遗传和环境影响。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群是肥胖和其他代谢紊乱发病机制的主要促成因素。本文综述了目前对肠道微生物群在能量平衡调节和肥胖发展中的作用的理解，以及微生物群如何与宿主组织，特别是脂肪组织进行交流。我们讨论了几种干扰肠道微生物群与宿主组织代谢之间相互作用的外部因素，包括冷暴露、饮食方案和基因操作。我们还综述了调节产热从而调节能量稳态的饮食衍生代谢物的作用。在肠道微生物代谢物中，我们重点强调短链脂肪酸，它可以被宿主用作直接能量来源，同时通过肠-脑轴调节宿主的食欲。
