Department of Zoology University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Pakistan, Kohat, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 22;15(4):e0232026. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232026. eCollection 2020.
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals including domesticated birds and humans. Birds normally get infected by ground feeding and human beings contract the disease by consumption of undercooked chicken meat. This study aimed to analyze seroprevalence and DNA of T. gondii in chickens (domesticated and broiler) and to assess possible transfer to humans by review of available literature from Pakistan. Blood from and tissues from domesticated and broilers chickens were analyzed for Toxo-IgM/IgG and Toxoplasma DNA through ELISA and PCR respectively. Furthermore, research articles published during 1990-2019 on the prevalence of T. gondii in humans from Pakistan, were analyzed to assess the possible infection burden in the area in connection to transmission from chickens. The overall prevalence of IgM and IgG for T. gondii was 17.83% and 8.8% respectively in the study areas. Significant seroprevalence was found in domesticated chickens than broilers. In domesticated chickens, the prevalence was high in age ≥ 2 years. Toxoplasma DNA was detected in tissues with an overall prevalence of 10.84%. Higher prevalence was observed in liver (10.50%) than heart (9.5%) and muscles (7.11%). Only 4.78% broiler and 2.38% domesticated chickens were positive for both IgM and DNA, 1.2% domesticated and 1.30% broilers were positive for IgG and DNA, while 2.98% domesticated and 2.17% broilers were positive for IgM, IgG, and DNA. Available literature showed that 25.8% of human beings were infected with T. gondii in Pakistan. The prevalence was 20.64% in male and 26.82%in the female. The rate of infections increases with age and high (37.36%) was found in humans of age range 40 to 60 years. A high prevalence of T. gondii is found in both domesticated and broiler chickens in the study area. Moreover, the literature survey indicates that a high seroprevalence of T. gondii is present in human beings of Pakistan. It is concluded that the high prevalence of T. gondii in humans may be associated with the parasite transmission through infected chicken's meat in Pakistan.
刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）是一种原生动物寄生虫，可感染所有温血动物，包括家养鸟类和人类。鸟类通常通过地面进食感染，人类则通过食用未煮熟的鸡肉感染该疾病。本研究旨在分析巴基斯坦家养鸡（肉鸡和蛋鸡）中的弓形虫血清流行率和 DNA，并通过回顾来自巴基斯坦的现有文献评估其对人类的可能传播。通过 ELISA 和 PCR 分别分析来自家养鸡和肉鸡的血液和组织中的 Toxo-IgM/IgG 和弓形虫 DNA。此外，分析了 1990 年至 2019 年期间在巴基斯坦发表的关于人类弓形虫流行率的研究文章，以评估该地区与鸡传播相关的感染负担。在研究区域中，弓形虫 IgM 和 IgG 的总体流行率分别为 17.83%和 8.8%。在家养鸡中，与肉鸡相比，血清阳性率显著升高。在家养鸡中，≥2 岁的鸡中阳性率较高。在组织中检测到弓形虫 DNA，总体阳性率为 10.84%。肝脏（10.50%）的阳性率高于心脏（9.5%）和肌肉（7.11%）。仅 4.78%的肉鸡和 2.38%的家养鸡同时对 IgM 和 DNA 呈阳性，1.2%的家养鸡和 1.30%的肉鸡对 IgG 和 DNA 呈阳性，而 2.98%的家养鸡和 2.17%的肉鸡对 IgM、IgG 和 DNA 呈阳性。现有文献表明，25.8%的巴基斯坦人感染了弓形虫。男性的流行率为 20.64%，女性为 26.82%。感染率随年龄增长而增加，40 至 60 岁年龄组的感染率最高（37.36%）。研究地区的家养鸡和肉鸡中均发现弓形虫高流行率。此外，文献调查表明，巴基斯坦人类中存在较高的弓形虫血清阳性率。研究结论认为，巴基斯坦人类中弓形虫的高流行率可能与寄生虫通过受感染的鸡肉在巴基斯坦的传播有关。
