Yoshida Hiroko, Maddock Jay E
Division of Food and Nutrition, Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, Fukuoka, Japan (HY).
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (JEM).
Hawaii J Health Soc Welf. 2020 Apr 1;79(4):104-111.
Proactive health behavior change and maintenance are essential for preventing obesity and other lifestyle diseases. Few studies have examined the relationship between eating behavior and physical condition among multiethnic samples. In this study, ethnic differences were examined to obtain basic data on health education for improvement of obesity in Hawai'i. The intake of fruits and vegetables and exercise habits in each of the transtheoretical model stages of change were evaluated in the 4 most populous ethnic groups in Hawai'i in terms of how the participants' health behaviors were associated with obesity. The participants comprised 2795 white, Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and Japanese adults (age range, 18-55 years). There are 4 main findings of this study. First, there were differences in fruit and vegetable intake and exercise habits in each transtheoretical model stage among the ethnic groups. Second, there were differences in attitudes regarding nutrition and healthy food intake and self-efficacy regarding exercise in each ethnic group. Third, items that have the potential to improve obesity in the theory of planned behavior differed, particularly among men, in the 4 ethnic groups. Finally, a low percentage of participants recognized that the recommended number of servings of fruits and vegetables was 5 or more. Education for men may be particularly important. The findings indicate that modified health education approaches may be needed in accordance with the ethnicity of the population.
积极的健康行为改变与维持对于预防肥胖及其他生活方式疾病至关重要。很少有研究在多民族样本中考察饮食行为与身体状况之间的关系。在本研究中，对种族差异进行了考察，以获取关于夏威夷改善肥胖问题的健康教育基础数据。根据参与者的健康行为与肥胖的关联情况，对夏威夷人口最多的4个种族群体在跨理论模型的每个改变阶段的水果和蔬菜摄入量及运动习惯进行了评估。参与者包括2795名白人、夏威夷原住民、菲律宾人和日本成年人（年龄范围为18至55岁）。本研究有4个主要发现。第一，各民族群体在跨理论模型的每个阶段的水果和蔬菜摄入量及运动习惯存在差异。第二，各民族群体在营养和健康食物摄入态度以及运动自我效能方面存在差异。第三，在计划行为理论中有可能改善肥胖问题的因素在4个民族群体中存在差异，尤其是在男性中。最后，只有低比例的参与者认识到水果和蔬菜的推荐摄入量为5份或更多。对男性的教育可能尤为重要。研究结果表明，可能需要根据人群的种族制定经过调整的健康教育方法。
