Chaitman Jennifer, Ziese Anna-Lena, Pilla Rachel, Minamoto Yasushi, Blake Amanda B, Guard Blake C, Isaiah Anitah, Lidbury Jonathan A, Steiner Jörg M, Unterer Stefan, Suchodolski Jan S
Veterinary Internal Medicine and Allergy Specialists, New York, NY, United States.
Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Apr 16;7:192. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00192. eCollection 2020.
The aim was to characterize differences in fecal consistency, and fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles in dogs with acute diarrhea (AD) treated with either fecal microbiota transplantation as enema (FMT; = 11) or oral metronidazole (MET; = 7) for 7 days. On days 0, 7, and 28 fecal samples were obtained. Fecal samples from healthy dogs (HC; = 14) were used for comparison. Samples were analyzed by the previously validated qPCR based canine Dysbiosis Index (DI; increased values indicate microbiota dysbiosis) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The fecal metabolome was analyzed using a previously validated targeted canine assay for fecal unconjugated bile acids, and untargeted metabolomics. Fecal consistency improved significantly in dogs treated with FMT and MET by day 7 and day 28 ( < 0.01) compared to day 0. However, on day 28 fecal consistency was significantly better in FMT compared to MET ( = 0.040). At day 0, dogs with AD had an altered microbiota indicated by significantly increased DI, decreased alpha-diversity, and altered beta-diversity. In the FMT group, the DI decreased over time, while MET led to a significant increase in the dysbiosis index at day 7 and 28 compared to FMT. Sequencing data revealed that in FMT microbial diversity and beta-diversity was similar to HC at day 28, while in MET these parameters were still significantly different from HC. In dogs treated with FMT, a decrease in cholic acid and the percentage of primary bile acids was observed, whereas treatment with metronidazole led to an increase in cholic acid at day 7 and an increase in percentage of primary bile acids over time. Based on untargeted metabolomics, dogs with AD had an altered fecal metabolome compared to HC. Dogs treated with FMT clustered closer to HC at day 28, while dogs treated with MET did not. In this pilot study, dogs with AD had significant differences in fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles. Dogs treated with MET still had altered microbial and metabolic profiles at day 28 compared to dogs treated with FMT or healthy dogs.
目的是描述急性腹泻（AD）犬只在接受以灌肠方式进行的粪便微生物群移植（FMT；n = 11）或口服甲硝唑（MET；n = 7）治疗7天后，粪便稠度、粪便微生物群和代谢组谱的差异。在第0天、第7天和第28天采集粪便样本。使用健康犬（HC；n = 14）的粪便样本作为对照。通过先前验证的基于qPCR的犬类生态失调指数（DI；值升高表明微生物群失调）和16S rRNA基因测序对样本进行分析。使用先前验证的针对粪便未结合胆汁酸的靶向犬类检测方法和非靶向代谢组学方法分析粪便代谢组。与第0天相比，接受FMT和MET治疗的犬只在第7天和第28天时粪便稠度显著改善（P < 0.01）。然而，在第28天时，FMT组的粪便稠度显著优于MET组（P = 0.040）。在第0天，AD犬的微生物群发生改变，表现为DI显著升高、α多样性降低和β多样性改变。在FMT组中，DI随时间下降，而与FMT相比，MET在第7天和第28天时导致生态失调指数显著升高。测序数据显示，在第28天时，FMT组的微生物多样性和β多样性与HC相似，而在MET组中，这些参数仍与HC有显著差异。在接受FMT治疗的犬只中，观察到胆酸和初级胆汁酸百分比降低，而甲硝唑治疗在第7天时导致胆酸增加，且随着时间推移初级胆汁酸百分比增加。基于非靶向代谢组学，与HC相比，AD犬的粪便代谢组发生改变。在第28天时，接受FMT治疗的犬只聚类更接近HC，而接受MET治疗的犬只则不然。在这项初步研究中，AD犬在粪便微生物群和代谢组谱方面存在显著差异。与接受FMT治疗的犬只或健康犬相比，接受MET治疗的犬只在第28天时微生物和代谢谱仍有改变。
