Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine named after B. Atchabarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
Department of Human Anatomy, NSC "Medical University of Astana", Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan.
Nutrients. 2020 May 8;12(5):1344. doi: 10.3390/nu12051344.
It has been thought that caloric restriction favors longevity and healthy aging where autophagy plays a vital role. However, autophagy decreases during aging and that can lead to the development of aging-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, etc. It was shown that autophagy can be induced by mechanical or chemical stress. In this regard, various pharmacological compounds were proposed, including natural polyphenols. Apart from the ability to induce autophagy, polyphenols, such as resveratrol, are capable of modulating the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, neutralizing free radical species, affecting mitochondrial functions, chelating redox-active transition metal ions, and preventing protein aggregation. Moreover, polyphenols have advantages compared to chemical inducers of autophagy due to their intrinsic natural bio-compatibility and safety. In this context, polyphenols can be considered as a potential therapeutic tool for healthy aging either as a part of a diet or as separate compounds (supplements). This review discusses the epigenetic aspect and the underlying molecular mechanism of polyphenols as an anti-aging remedy. In addition, the recent advances of studies on NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) regulation of autophagy, the role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cells senescence and their regulation by polyphenols have been highlighted as well. Apart from that, the review also revised the latest information on how polyphenols can help to improve mitochondrial function and modulate apoptosis (programmed cell death).
人们一直认为，热量限制有利于长寿和健康衰老，而自噬在其中起着至关重要的作用。然而，自噬在衰老过程中会减少，这可能导致与衰老相关的疾病的发展，如癌症、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病等。研究表明，自噬可以通过机械或化学应激来诱导。在这方面，提出了各种药理学化合物，包括天然多酚。除了诱导自噬的能力外，多酚，如白藜芦醇，能够调节促凋亡和抗凋亡因子的表达，中和自由基种类，影响线粒体功能，螯合氧化还原活性过渡金属离子，并防止蛋白质聚集。此外，多酚由于其内在的天然生物相容性和安全性，相对于自噬的化学诱导剂具有优势。在这种情况下，多酚可以被认为是一种潜在的治疗健康衰老的工具，无论是作为饮食的一部分还是作为单独的化合物（补充剂）。本文综述了多酚作为抗衰老疗法的表观遗传方面和潜在的分子机制。此外，还强调了 NAD 依赖性去乙酰化酶 SIRT1 对自噬的调控、衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）在细胞衰老中的作用以及多酚对其的调控作用的最新研究进展。除此之外，本文还综述了多酚如何帮助改善线粒体功能和调节细胞凋亡（程序性细胞死亡）的最新信息。
