Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Nutrients. 2020 May 8;12(5):1348. doi: 10.3390/nu12051348.
The so-called Western diet is rich in saturated fat and sugars and poor in plant-derived fibers, and it is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as chronic (low grade) inflammation. The detrimental effects of poor diet are in part mediated by gut microbiota, whose composition, functionality and metabolic end products respond to dietary changes. Recent studies have shown that high intake of sugars increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the gut, while simultaneously decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes, which can mitigate the effects of endotoxin, as well as reinforce gut barrier function. Thus, a high sugar intake may stagger the balance of microbiota to have increased pro-inflammatory properties and decreased the capacity to regulate epithelial integrity and mucosal immunity. Consequently, high dietary sugar can, through the modulation of microbiota, promote metabolic endotoxemia, systemic (low grade) inflammation and the development of metabolic dysregulation and thereby, high dietary sugar may have many-fold deleterious health effects, in addition to providing excess energy.
所谓的西方饮食富含饱和脂肪和糖，而植物源性纤维含量低，与代谢和心血管疾病以及慢性（低度）炎症的风险增加有关。不良饮食的有害影响部分是由肠道微生物群介导的，其组成、功能和代谢产物对饮食变化有反应。最近的研究表明，高糖摄入会增加肠道中变形菌门的相对丰度，同时减少拟杆菌门的丰度，这可以减轻内毒素的影响，并增强肠道屏障功能。因此，高糖摄入可能会破坏微生物群的平衡，使其具有更强的促炎特性，并降低调节上皮完整性和黏膜免疫的能力。因此，高膳食糖可以通过调节微生物群促进代谢性内毒素血症、全身性（低度）炎症以及代谢失调的发展，从而除了提供过多的能量外，高膳食糖可能会对健康产生多方面的有害影响。
