Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
Eur Addict Res. 2021;27(1):1-8. doi: 10.1159/000507017. Epub 2020 May 15.
Cancers constitute a major non-communicable disease category globally and in the European Union (EU).
Alcohol use has been established as a major cause of cancer in humans. Principal cancer agencies agree that the following cancer sites are causally impacted by alcohol: lip and oral cavity, pharynx (excluding nasopharynx), oesophagus, colon and rectum, liver, (female) breast, and larynx. For all of these cancer sites, there is a dose-response relationship with no apparent threshold: the higher the average level of consumption, the higher the risk of cancer incidence. In the EU in 2016, about 80,000 people died of alcohol-attributable cancer, and about 1.9 million years of life were lost due to premature mortality or due to disability. Key messages: Given the above-described impact of alcohol on cancer, public awareness about the alcohol-cancer link needs to be increased. In addition, effective alcohol policy measures should be implemented. As a large part of alcohol-attributable cancers are in low and moderate alcohol users, in particular for females, general population measures such as increases in taxation, restrictions on availability, and bans on marketing and advertisement are best suited to reduce the alcohol-attributable cancer burden.
癌症在全球和欧盟（EU）都是主要的非传染性疾病类别。
饮酒已被确定为人类癌症的主要病因。主要癌症机构一致认为，以下癌症部位与酒精有关：唇和口腔、咽（不包括鼻咽）、食道、结肠和直肠、肝脏、（女性）乳房和喉。对于所有这些癌症部位，都存在剂量-反应关系，没有明显的阈值：消费平均水平越高，癌症发病率的风险就越高。在 2016 年的欧盟，约有 8 万人死于与酒精有关的癌症，约有 190 万人因过早死亡或残疾而失去生命。主要信息：鉴于酒精对癌症的上述影响，需要提高公众对酒精与癌症之间联系的认识。此外，还应实施有效的酒精政策措施。由于很大一部分与酒精有关的癌症发生在低和中度饮酒者中，特别是女性，因此增加税收、限制供应以及禁止营销和广告等一般人群措施最适合减少与酒精有关的癌症负担。
