Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd Str, 60-632, Poznań, Poland.
J Appl Genet. 2020 Sep;61(3):359-366. doi: 10.1007/s13353-020-00562-8. Epub 2020 May 18.
Recently, leaf rust and yellow rust caused by the fungi Puccinia triticina Erikss. and P. striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Eriks and Henn are diseases of increasing threat in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, AABBRR, 2n = 6x = 42) growing areas. The use of genetic resistance is considered the most economical, effective and environmentally friendly method to control the disease and minimize the use of fungicides. Currently, breeding programs mainly relied on race-specific Lr and Yr genes (R), but new races of the rust fungi frequently defeat resistance. There is a small group of genes that causes partial type of resistance (PR) that are characterized by a slow epidemic build up despite a high infection type. In wheat slow rusting resistance genes displayed longer latent periods, low infection frequencies, smaller pustule size and less spore production. Slow rusting Lr46/Yr29 gene, located on chromosome 1B, is being exploited in many wheat breeding programs. So far, there is no information about slow rusting genes in triticale. This paper showed significant differences between the results of identification of wheat molecular markers Xwmc44 and csLV46G22 associated with Lr46/Yr29 in twenty triticale cultivars, which were characterized by high levels of field resistance to leaf and yellow rust. The csLV46G22res marker has been identified in the following cultivars: Kasyno, Mamut and Puzon. Belcanto and Kasyno showed the highest resistance levels in three-year (2016-2018), leaf and yellow rust severity tests under post-registration variety testing program (PDO). Leaf tip necrosis, a phenotypic trait associated with Lr34/Yr18 and Lr46/Yr29 was observed, among others, to Belcanto and Kasyno, which showed the highest resistance for leaf rust and yellow rust. Kasyno could be considered to have Lr46/Yr29 and can be used as a source of slow rust resistance in breeding and importantly as a component of gene pyramiding in triticale.
最近，由真菌 Puccinia triticina Erikss. 和 P. striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici Eriks 和 Henn 引起的叶锈病和条锈病是黑小麦（× Triticosecale Wittmack，AABBRR，2n = 6x = 42）种植区日益严重的威胁。利用遗传抗性被认为是控制疾病和最大限度减少杀菌剂使用的最经济、最有效和最环保的方法。目前，育种计划主要依赖于特定于种族的 Lr 和 Yr 基因（R），但锈菌的新菌株经常会击败抗性。有一小部分基因导致部分类型的抗性（PR），其特征是尽管感染类型高，但流行速度较慢。在小麦中，缓慢锈病抗性基因表现出较长的潜伏期、较低的感染频率、较小的疱斑大小和较少的孢子产生。位于 1B 染色体上的缓慢锈病 Lr46/Yr29 基因被广泛应用于许多小麦育种计划中。到目前为止，还没有关于黑小麦中缓慢锈病基因的信息。本文显示了在二十个黑小麦品种中鉴定与 Lr46/Yr29 相关的小麦分子标记 Xwmc44 和 csLV46G22 的结果之间存在显著差异，这些品种对叶锈病和条锈病具有高水平的田间抗性。csLV46G22res 标记已在以下品种中鉴定出：Kasyno、Mamut 和 Puzon。Belcanto 和 Kasyno 在三年（2016-2018 年）的叶锈病和条锈病严重度试验中表现出最高的抗性水平，该试验是在登记后品种测试计划（PDO）下进行的。叶尖坏死是与 Lr34/Yr18 和 Lr46/Yr29 相关的表型特征，除其他外，Belcanto 和 Kasyno 表现出对叶锈病和条锈病的最高抗性。Kasyno 可能具有 Lr46/Yr29，可以作为黑小麦育种中缓慢锈病抗性的来源，重要的是可以作为黑小麦基因聚合的组成部分。
