Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 May 20;12(5):1480. doi: 10.3390/nu12051480.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for healthy development and protect against metabolic disease. However, individuals with obesity may be pre-disposed to experiencing lower n-3 PUFA status than normal-weight individuals. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the omega-3 index (O3I), body mass index (BMI) and dietary intake in healthy young women (n = 300; age = 18-35 y), a group not previously focused on. Intake was adjusted for energy using the residuals method, and associations were explored using independent -tests and Pearson's correlations. Participants with obesity were found to have significantly lower O3I than normal-weight participants ( < 0.0001); however, no significant differences were observed in mean n-3 PUFA intakes. Even so, energy-adjusted intakes of n-3 PUFAs, with the exception of alpha-linolenic acid, were significantly correlated with O3I. This study demonstrates that O3I is influenced by both BMI and diet in young women; however the relationship between these two variables may be complex. Current intakes of n-3 PUFA observed in young women may not be effective in achieving target O3I levels in those with obesity, and further research is needed to find effective ways of improving n-3 PUFA status in a group already at increased risk of metabolic disease.
ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFAs)对健康发育至关重要,并可预防代谢疾病。然而,肥胖个体可能比正常体重个体更容易出现 n-3PUFA 状态较低的情况。本横断面研究调查了健康年轻女性(n=300;年龄 18-35 岁)中 ω-3 指数(O3I)、体重指数(BMI)和饮食摄入之间的关系,该群体以前并未受到关注。采用残差法调整能量摄入,并采用独立样本 t 检验和 Pearson 相关性分析探讨相关性。结果显示,肥胖参与者的 O3I 显著低于正常体重参与者(<0.0001);然而,n-3PUFA 的平均摄入量无显著差异。即便如此,除了α-亚麻酸之外,能量调整后的 n-3PUFA 摄入量与 O3I 呈显著相关。本研究表明,O3I 受年轻女性 BMI 和饮食的双重影响;然而,这两个变量之间的关系可能很复杂。目前观察到的年轻女性 n-3PUFA 摄入量可能不足以使肥胖者达到目标 O3I 水平,需要进一步研究以找到有效改善已经处于代谢疾病风险增加的群体中 n-3PUFA 状态的方法。