College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2020 May 28;20(1):242. doi: 10.1186/s12870-020-02429-w.
Physalis L. is a genus of herbaceous plants of the family Solanaceae, which has important medicinal, edible, and ornamental values. The morphological characteristics of Physalis species are similar, and it is difficult to rapidly and accurately distinguish them based only on morphological characteristics. At present, the species classification and phylogeny of Physalis are still controversial. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of four Physalis species (Physalis angulata, P. alkekengi var. franchetii, P. minima and P. pubescens) were sequenced, and the first comprehensive cp genome analysis of Physalis was performed, which included the previously published cp genome sequence of Physalis peruviana.
The Physalis cp genomes exhibited typical quadripartite and circular structures, and were relatively conserved in their structure and gene synteny. However, the Physalis cp genomes showed obvious variations at four regional boundaries, especially those of the inverted repeat and the large single-copy regions. The cp genomes' lengths ranged from 156,578 bp to 157,007 bp. A total of 114 different genes, 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes, were observed in four new sequenced Physalis cp genomes. Differences in repeat sequences and simple sequence repeats were detected among the Physalis cp genomes. Phylogenetic relationships among 36 species of 11 genera of Solanaceae based on their cp genomes placed Physalis in the middle and upper part of the phylogenetic tree, with a monophyletic evolution having a 100% bootstrap value.
Our results enrich the data on the cp genomes of the genus Physalis. The availability of these cp genomes will provide abundant information for further species identification, increase the taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution of Physalis, and assist in the investigation and utilization of Physalis plants.
酸浆属（Physalis L.）是茄科草本植物，具有重要的药用、食用和观赏价值。酸浆属植物形态特征相似，仅依据形态特征难以快速准确地鉴别。目前，酸浆属植物的物种分类和系统发育仍存在争议。本研究对 4 种酸浆属植物（苦蘵（Physalis angulata）、灯笼果（Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii）、小酸浆（Physalis minima）和毛酸浆（Physalis pubescens））的完整叶绿体（cp）基因组进行了测序，并对酸浆属植物的 cp 基因组进行了首次综合分析，其中包括已发表的酸浆（Physalis peruviana）cp 基因组序列。
酸浆属 cp 基因组表现出典型的四分体和圆形结构，在结构和基因的协同进化上较为保守。然而，酸浆属 cp 基因组在四个区域边界上表现出明显的变异，尤其是在反向重复和大片段单拷贝区。cp 基因组的长度范围为 156578bp 至 157007bp。在 4 个新测序的酸浆 cp 基因组中共观察到 114 个不同的基因，包括 80 个蛋白质编码基因、30 个 tRNA 基因和 4 个 rRNA 基因。酸浆属 cp 基因组中存在重复序列和简单重复序列的差异。基于 cp 基因组构建的 11 个属 36 种茄科植物的系统发育关系将酸浆属置于系统发育树的中上部，具有 100%的自举值支持。
本研究结果丰富了酸浆属 cp 基因组的数据。这些 cp 基因组的可用性将为进一步的物种鉴定提供丰富的信息，提高酸浆属的分类和系统发育分辨率，并有助于对酸浆属植物的调查和利用。
