Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.
Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 31;21(11):3950. doi: 10.3390/ijms21113950.
Dental universal adhesives are considered an useful tool in modern dentistry as they can be used in different etching techniques, allow for simplified protocol and provide sufficient bond strength. However, there is still no consensus as to their toxicity towards pulp. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three universal adhesives: OptiBond Universal, Prime&Bond Universal and Adhese in an in vitro experimental model, monocyte/macrophage cell line SC (ATCC CRL-9855). The cytotoxicity was measured by means of XTT assay, whereas the genotoxicity (comet assay) was evaluated based on the percentage of DNA present in the comet tail. Furthermore, the ability of the adhesives to induce apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry (FC) with the FITC annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. The analysis of the cell cycle progression was performed with FC using PI staining. OptiBond Universal presented significant, while Prime&Bond Universal and Adhese Universal had minimal cytotoxicity and genotoxicity towards human SC cells. Moreover, only OptiBond Universal increased the level of apoptosis in SC cell line. None of the adhesives showed significant cell cycle arrest, as revealed by FC analysis. Due to substantial differences in toxicity in in vitro studies of dental adhesives, there is a great need for further research in order to establish more reliable test protocols allowing for standardized methodology.
牙科通用型粘结剂被认为是现代牙科的有用工具，因为它们可用于不同的蚀刻技术，简化了方案并提供了足够的粘结强度。然而，对于它们对牙髓的毒性，目前仍没有共识。因此，本研究旨在评估三种通用粘结剂（OptiBond Universal、Prime&Bond Universal 和 Adhese）在体外实验模型（单核细胞/巨噬细胞系 SC [ATCC CRL-9855]）中的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。通过 XTT 测定法测量细胞毒性，而通过彗星试验评估遗传毒性（彗星试验），根据彗星尾部存在的 DNA 百分比进行评估。此外，使用 FITC Annexin V/碘化丙啶（PI）双重染色通过流式细胞术（FC）分析粘结剂诱导细胞凋亡的能力。使用 PI 染色通过 FC 分析细胞周期进程。OptiBond Universal 对人 SC 细胞具有显著的细胞毒性和遗传毒性，而 Prime&Bond Universal 和 Adhese Universal 具有最小的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。此外，只有 OptiBond Universal 增加了 SC 细胞系中的细胞凋亡水平。FC 分析显示，没有一种粘结剂显示出明显的细胞周期停滞。由于牙科粘结剂的体外研究中存在实质性的毒性差异，因此需要进一步研究，以建立更可靠的测试方案，允许采用标准化的方法。
