School of Physical Education and Health, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai, China.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Sep;26(9):885-895. doi: 10.1111/cns.13385. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by high incidence, high disability, and high fatality, causing great burden to the society, families, and individuals. The changes in brain plasticity may be a main reason for depression. Recent studies have shown that exercise plays a positive role in depression, but systematic and comprehensive studies are lacking on brain plasticity changes in depression. To further understand the antidepressive effect of exercise and the changes in brain plasticity, we retrieved related literatures using key words "depression," "depressive disorder," "exercise," "brain plasticity," "brain structure," and "brain function" from the database of Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO host, and CNKI, hoping to provide evidence for exercise in preventing and treating depression. Increase in exercise has been found negatively correlated with the risk of depression. Randomized controlled experiments have shown that aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and mind-body exercise can improve depressive symptoms and levels. The intensity and long-term effect of exercise are now topical research issues. Exercise has been proven to reshape the brain structure of depression patients, activate the function of related brain areas, promote behavioral adaptation changes, and maintain the integrity of hippocampal and white matter volume, thus improving the brain neuroprocessing and delaying cognitive degradation in depression patients. Future studies are urgently needed to establish accurate exercise prescriptions for improving depressive symptoms, and studies on different depressive populations and studies using multimodal brain imaging combined with multiple analytical methods are also needed.
抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍，具有发病率高、致残率高和致死率高的特点，给社会、家庭和个人带来了巨大的负担。大脑可塑性的改变可能是抑郁症的主要原因之一。最近的研究表明，运动对抑郁症有积极作用，但对抑郁症患者大脑可塑性变化的系统和全面研究还很缺乏。为了进一步了解运动的抗抑郁作用和大脑可塑性的变化，我们使用关键词“depression（抑郁）”“depressive disorder（抑郁障碍）”“exercise（运动）”“brain plasticity（大脑可塑性）”“brain structure（大脑结构）”和“brain function（大脑功能）”，从 Web of Science、PubMed、EBSCO host 和中国知网数据库中检索相关文献，希望为运动预防和治疗抑郁症提供证据。越来越多的研究发现，运动增加与抑郁症的风险呈负相关。随机对照实验表明，有氧运动、抗阻运动和身心运动都可以改善抑郁症状和水平。运动的强度和长期效果是目前的研究热点。运动已被证明可以重塑抑郁症患者的大脑结构，激活相关脑区的功能，促进行为适应变化，维持海马体和白质体积的完整性，从而改善抑郁症患者的大脑神经处理过程，延缓认知能力下降。未来需要进一步研究来制定改善抑郁症状的准确运动方案，同时也需要对不同抑郁人群进行研究，并使用多模态脑成像结合多种分析方法进行研究。
