Office of the Country Representative, World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria.
World Health Organization, Kebbi State Field Office, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2020 Jan-Dec;11:2150132720932698. doi: 10.1177/2150132720932698.
Among the strategies of the Polio Eradication Initiative, the landmark interventions are routine immunization (RI) and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). RI is the provision of vaccination service at the health facility and conducted year-round. SIAs are a community-based intervention targeting large numbers of an eligible population within a short period. Hence, the study aimed to assess the contributions of SIAs on access and utilization of RI services. We conducted the study in 10 local government areas in Kebbi State, northwestern Nigeria. We analyzed RI data from January to September 2019 and included the 4 SIAs conducted in January, April, August, and September in the same years. The number of children vaccinated, the trend of BCG, pentavalent vaccine at 6 and 10 weeks, and measles coverage and dropout rates (DORs) were analyzed. For all the selected vaccines, the highest contributions to RI were recorded during the August 2019 fractional Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) campaign. On the other hand, the least contributions were noted during January SIAs. The BCG coverage showed an erratic trend with the lowest in February and highest in July 2019. The coverage for the pentavalent vaccine at 6 and 10 weeks was lowest in February and September. The pentavalent vaccine DOR pattern showed the lowest in February with value of 0% and the highest in June with 12%. Except for May and June, the Pentavalent vaccine DORs for all other months were <10%. February 2019 had the lowest measles coverage. Our study demonstrated that the integration of RI into SIAs could improve RI coverage. and potentially reduce DOR, especially when the integration is of good quality and conducted at short and regular intervals. Although SIAs are instrumental at increasing RI coverage, the disruption of RI services may occur due to overlapping resources and poor planning. Therefore, SIAs should be adequately planned by program managers to strengthen RI service delivery during the SIAs implementation.
在消灭脊灰炎倡议的策略中，具有里程碑意义的干预措施是常规免疫（RI）和补充免疫活动（SIAs）。RI 是在卫生机构提供疫苗接种服务，并全年进行。SIAs 是一种以社区为基础的干预措施，针对在短时间内大量符合条件的人群。因此，本研究旨在评估 SIAs 对 RI 服务的可及性和利用的贡献。我们在尼日利亚西北部的凯比州的 10 个地方政府区域进行了这项研究。我们分析了 2019 年 1 月至 9 月的 RI 数据，并纳入了同年 1 月、4 月、8 月和 9 月进行的 4 次 SIAs。分析了接种儿童人数、卡介苗、6 周和 10 周时的五联疫苗、麻疹覆盖率和辍学率（DOR）。对于所有选定的疫苗，在 2019 年 8 月的 fractional Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) 运动中，对 RI 的贡献最大。另一方面，在 1 月的 SIAs 中，贡献最小。卡介苗覆盖率呈不规则趋势，2019 年 2 月最低，7 月最高。6 周和 10 周时的五联疫苗覆盖率最低，2 月和 9 月。五联疫苗 DOR 模式在 2 月最低，为 0%，6 月最高，为 12%。除了 5 月和 6 月，所有其他月份的五联疫苗 DOR 均<10%。2019 年 2 月麻疹覆盖率最低。我们的研究表明，将 RI 纳入 SIAs 可以提高 RI 的覆盖率。并可能降低 DOR，尤其是当整合质量良好且在短时间内定期进行时。虽然 SIAs 在提高 RI 覆盖率方面很重要，但由于资源重叠和规划不善，可能会中断 RI 服务。因此，项目管理人员应充分计划 SIAs，以加强在实施 SIAs 期间提供 RI 服务。
