Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Cells. 2020 Jun 15;9(6):1464. doi: 10.3390/cells9061464.
Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer's disease models, Parkinson's disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.
神经退行性疾病，即帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和多发性硬化症（MS），由于全球人口老龄化，日益成为主要的健康关注点。这些疾病通常具有相同的潜在病理机制，包括氧化应激增加、神经炎症和蛋白质聚集。一些研究强调了通过给予草药化合物来减轻这些疾病的临床结果的潜力，其中，人参的衍生物 gintonin 显示出有希望的结果。Gintonin 是非碳水化合物/皂苷，被鉴定为溶血磷脂酸受体（LPA 受体）配体。Gintonin 可能导致细胞内钙离子水平 [Ca2+]i 显著升高，通过调节离子通道和细胞表面受体，调节炎症作用，促进钙介导的细胞效应。多年的研究表明，Gintonin 对不同的神经退行性变模型具有抗氧化和抗炎作用，这些作用可用于治疗神经变化。因此，我们收集了主要的科学发现并进行了全面的呈现，涵盖了制备、吸收和受体介导的功能，包括对阿尔茨海默病模型、帕金森病模型、焦虑和抑郁样模型以及其他神经障碍的作用，旨在为 gintonin 在管理神经退行性疾病中的可能用途提供一些见解。
