Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Kresimirova 40, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
Orthodontic Office Rincic Mlinaric, Katarine Zrinske 1, 23000, Zadar, Croatia.
Prog Orthod. 2020 Jul 1;21(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s40510-020-00318-4.
The study aimed to evaluate to which extent self-reported symptomatology, age, and sex are predictors of titanium and nickel allergic sensitization in patients in treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances.
The study analyzed 228 subjects aged 11-45 years (median 18, interquartile range 16-22); 68% of them were females, and 52% were adolescents. The allergic sensitization testing included epicutaneous patch test to titanium, titanium dioxide, titanium oxalate, titanium nitride, and nickel sulfate. The questionnaire on symptoms potentially linked to titanium and nickel sensitization was used.
Prevalence of the allergic sensitization to titanium in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment was 4% (2% only to titanium without nickel) while to nickel 14% (12% nickel without titanium). Hypersensitivity to both metals at the same time was present in 2% of subjects. Sensitization to nickel was more common in females than in males (17 vs. 8%) and much more common in adults than in adolescents with small effect size (20 vs. 8%; p = 0.013). Sensitization to titanium was more common in females than in males (6 vs. 1%) with no difference in age. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that adult age increases the odds for being sensitized to nickel for 2.4 × (95% CI 1.1-5.6; p = 0.044) while watery eyes for 3.7 × (95% CI 1.2-11.1; p = 0.022). None of the symptoms were significant predictors of titanium sensitization.
Allergic sensitization to titanium and nickel are not very frequent in orthodontic patients, and self-reported symptomatology is a weak predictor of those sensitizations.
本研究旨在评估患者自述的症状、年龄和性别在多大程度上可预测接受固定正畸治疗的患者对钛和镍过敏的情况。
本研究分析了 228 名年龄在 11-45 岁（中位数 18 岁，四分位距 16-22 岁）的患者；其中 68%为女性，52%为青少年。过敏敏感测试包括对钛、二氧化钛、钛草酸、氮化钛和硫酸镍进行皮肤贴斑试验。使用了与钛和镍过敏相关的症状问卷。
接受正畸治疗的患者对钛的过敏发生率为 4%（仅对钛无镍的发生率为 2%），而对镍的过敏发生率为 14%（无钛的镍发生率为 12%）。同时对两种金属过敏的发生率为 2%。女性对镍的过敏发生率高于男性（17%对 8%），且在成年患者中的发生率明显高于青少年（20%对 8%，小效应量，p = 0.013）。女性对钛的过敏发生率高于男性（6%对 1%），但在年龄方面无差异。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，成年年龄会使镍过敏的可能性增加 2.4 倍（95%置信区间 1.1-5.6；p = 0.044），而眼睛流泪会使镍过敏的可能性增加 3.7 倍（95%置信区间 1.2-11.1；p = 0.022）。没有任何症状是钛过敏的显著预测因素。
正畸患者对钛和镍的过敏并不常见，且自述的症状对这些过敏的预测作用较弱。
