Beseda Tomáš, Cápal Petr, Kubalová Ivona, Schubert Veit, Doležel Jaroslav, Šimková Hana
Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Acad. Sci., Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020 Feb 3;18:1311-1319. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.01.006. eCollection 2020.
Research on the formation of mitotic chromosomes from interphase chromatin domains, ongoing for several decades, made significant progress in recent years. It was stimulated by the development of advanced microscopic techniques and implementation of chromatin conformation capture methods that provide new insights into chromosome ultrastructure. This review aims to summarize and compare several models of chromatin fiber folding to form mitotic chromosomes and discusses them in the light of the novel findings. Functional genomics studies in several organisms confirmed condensins and cohesins as the major players in chromosome condensation. Here we compare available data on the role of these proteins across lower and higher eukaryotes and point to differences indicating evolutionary different pathways to shape mitotic chromosomes. Moreover, we discuss a controversial phenomenon of the mitotic chromosome ultrastructure - chromosome cavities - and using our super-resolution microscopy data, we contribute to its elucidation.
几十年来，关于从间期染色质结构域形成有丝分裂染色体的研究近年来取得了重大进展。先进显微镜技术的发展以及染色质构象捕获方法的应用推动了这一研究，这些方法为染色体超微结构提供了新的见解。本综述旨在总结和比较几种染色质纤维折叠形成有丝分裂染色体的模型，并根据新发现对其进行讨论。对多种生物体的功能基因组学研究证实，凝聚素和黏连蛋白是染色体凝聚的主要参与者。在此，我们比较了这些蛋白质在低等和高等真核生物中作用的现有数据，并指出了差异，这些差异表明塑造有丝分裂染色体的进化途径不同。此外，我们讨论了有丝分裂染色体超微结构中的一个有争议的现象——染色体腔，并利用我们的超分辨率显微镜数据，为阐明这一现象做出了贡献。
