Hermanová Soňa, Pumera Martin
Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic.
Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic.
Chemistry. 2020 Sep 1;26(49):11085-11092. doi: 10.1002/chem.202001244. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Enzyme-powered micro- and nanomotors are tiny devices inspired by nature that utilize enzyme-triggered chemical conversion to release energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substrate (fuel) to actuate it into active motion. Compared with conventional chemical micro-/nanomotors, these devices are particularly attractive because they self-propel by utilizing biocompatible fuels, such as glucose, urea, glycerides, and peptides. They have been designed with functional material constituents to efficiently perform tasks related to active targeting, drug delivery and release, biosensing, water remediation, and environmental monitoring. Because only a small number of enzymes have been exploited as bioengines to date, a new generation of multifunctional, enzyme-powered nanorobots will emerge in the near future to selectively search for and utilize water contaminants or disease-related metabolites as fuels. This Minireview highlights recent progress in enzyme-powered micro- and nanomachines.
酶驱动的微型和纳米马达是受自然启发的微小装置，它们利用酶触发的化学转化来释放储存在底物（燃料）化学键中的能量，从而驱动其进入主动运动。与传统的化学微型/纳米马达相比，这些装置特别有吸引力，因为它们通过利用生物相容性燃料（如葡萄糖、尿素、甘油酯和肽）进行自我推进。它们被设计成具有功能性材料成分，以有效地执行与主动靶向、药物递送和释放、生物传感、水修复和环境监测相关的任务。由于迄今为止只有少数几种酶被用作生物引擎，新一代多功能、酶驱动的纳米机器人将在不久的将来出现，以选择性地寻找和利用水污染物或与疾病相关的代谢物作为燃料。本综述突出了酶驱动的微型和纳米机器的最新进展。
