Sorvillo Teresa E, Rodriguez Sergio E, Hudson Peter, Carey Megan, Rodriguez Luis L, Spiropoulou Christina F, Bird Brian H, Spengler Jessica R, Bente Dennis A
One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 7;5(3):113. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030113.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection is identified in the 2018 World Health Organization Research and Development Blueprint and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) priority A list due to its high risk to public health and national security. Tick-borne CCHFV is widespread, found in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. It circulates between ticks and several vertebrate hosts without causing overt disease, and thus can be present in areas without being noticed by the public. As a result, the potential for zoonotic spillover from ticks and animals to humans is high. In contrast to other emerging viruses, human-to-human transmission of CCHFV is typically limited; therefore, prevention of spillover events should be prioritized when considering countermeasures. Several factors in the transmission dynamics of CCHFV, including a complex transmission cycle that involves both ticks and vertebrate hosts, lend themselves to a One Health approach for the prevention and control of the disease that are often overlooked by current strategies. Here, we examine critical focus areas to help mitigate CCHFV spillover, including surveillance, risk assessment, and risk reduction strategies concentrated on humans, animals, and ticks; highlight gaps in knowledge; and discuss considerations for a more sustainable One Health approach to disease control.
克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）感染因其对公共卫生和国家安全构成高风险，被列入2018年世界卫生组织研究与发展蓝图以及美国国立过敏和传染病研究所（NIH/NIAID）的A类优先事项清单。蜱传CCHFV广泛分布于欧洲、亚洲、非洲、中东和印度次大陆。它在蜱和几种脊椎动物宿主之间传播，不会引发明显疾病，因此可能在未被公众注意的地区存在。结果，蜱和动物将病毒传播给人类的人畜共患病溢出风险很高。与其他新兴病毒不同，CCHFV的人际传播通常有限；因此，在考虑应对措施时，应优先预防溢出事件。CCHFV传播动态中的几个因素，包括涉及蜱和脊椎动物宿主的复杂传播循环，使得采用“同一健康”方法预防和控制该疾病成为必要，但这一点往往被当前策略所忽视。在此，我们审视关键重点领域，以帮助减轻CCHFV溢出风险，包括针对人类、动物和蜱的监测、风险评估及风险降低策略；突出知识空白；并讨论采用更具可持续性的“同一健康”方法控制疾病的相关考量因素。
