School of Allied Health and Health Implementation Science and Technology Group, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Adv Nutr. 2020 Nov 16;11(6):1453-1488. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa069.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and the presence of ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors elevates total risk. Lycopene, a carotenoid with high antioxidant capacity, may be protective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to determine the efficacy of consuming dietary and/or supplemental lycopene on cardiovascular risk factors. Using the PRISMA guidelines, 4 databases were systematically searched from inception: Medline, Cinahl, Proquest, and Scopus. Intervention trials assessing dietary or supplemental lycopene on CVD outcomes were included. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included papers. Pooled analysis was conducted using outcomes with available data. Forty-three studies were included. Lycopene interventions were highly variable (supplement with or without food, based as tomato juice/paste/raw product, or combined with olive oil), the dose ranged from 1.44 to 75 mg lycopene/d and was not reported in 11 of 43 included studies. Studies reported conflicting findings for the effect of lycopene on cardiovascular risk factors, This was supported by meta-analyses where there were no significant differences between lycopene intervention and control groups for blood pressure and lipids (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides). This was observed for overall groups and in subgroup analyses for individuals with elevated risk factor concentrations at baseline. Lycopene interventions for cardiovascular risk factors were highly variable across studies in both the dosage provided and the mode of delivery (supplement or food based). As such, there are conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of lycopene to improve cardiovascular risk factors. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42018112174.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球范围内的主要死因，存在≥1 种心血管危险因素会使总风险升高。番茄红素是一种具有高抗氧化能力的类胡萝卜素，可能具有保护作用。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是确定食用膳食和/或补充番茄红素对心血管危险因素的疗效。使用 PRISMA 指南，从开始起系统地在 4 个数据库中进行搜索：Medline、Cinahl、Proquest 和 Scopus。纳入了评估膳食或补充番茄红素对 CVD 结局的干预试验。使用 Cochrane 风险偏倚工具评估纳入论文的质量。使用具有可用数据的结局进行汇总分析。纳入了 43 项研究。番茄红素干预措施差异很大（补充剂与食物一起，基于番茄汁/糊/生产品，或与橄榄油结合），剂量范围从 1.44 到 75 毫克番茄红素/天，43 项纳入研究中有 11 项未报告。研究报告了番茄红素对心血管危险因素影响的相互矛盾的发现，这得到了荟萃分析的支持，其中番茄红素干预组与对照组之间的血压和血脂（总胆固醇、LDL 胆固醇、HDL 胆固醇和甘油三酯）没有显著差异。这在总体组和在基线时危险因素浓度升高的亚组分析中观察到。在研究中，提供的剂量和给药方式（补充剂或基于食物）方面，番茄红素干预心血管危险因素的方式差异很大。因此，关于番茄红素改善心血管危险因素的疗效存在相互矛盾的发现。本系统评价已在 PROSPERO 上注册为 CRD42018112174。
