Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
The Sport Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2020 Jul 14;18(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12951-020-00655-w.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing involves the layering of seed cells, biologically compatible scaffolds, and biological activity factors to precisely recapitulate a biological tissue. Graphene oxide (GO), a type of micro material, has been utilized as a small molecule-transport vehicle. With the proliferation of GO, the biocompatibility of chondrocytes in a microenvironment constructed by 3D printed scaffolds and GO is innovative. Accordingly, we speculate that, as a type of micro material, GO can be used with 3D scaffolds for a uniform distribution in the cartilage layer.
A qualitative analysis of the chondrocyte-proliferation potential revealed that the culture of 3D printing with a 10% GO scaffold was higher than that of the other groups. Meanwhile, the progress of cell apoptosis was activated. Through scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and in vivo research, we observed that the newborn cartilage matrix extended along the border of the cartilage and scaffold and matured. After an analysis with immunohistochemical staining with aggrecan and collagen I, the cartilage following the 3D-printed scaffold was thinner than that of the 3D-printed GO scaffold. Furthermore, the collagen I of the cartilage expression in treatment with the GO scaffold was significant from week 2 to 6.
The findings indicate that a 3D-printed GO scaffold can potentially be utilized for the construction of a cartilage matrix. However, the optimum concentration of GO requires further research and discussion.
三维（3D）打印涉及种子细胞、生物相容支架和生物活性因子的分层，以精确再现生物组织。氧化石墨烯（GO）是一种微材料，已被用作小分子转运载体。随着 GO 的增殖，3D 打印支架和 GO 构建的微环境中软骨细胞的生物相容性具有创新性。因此，我们推测，作为一种微材料，GO 可以与 3D 支架一起使用，以在软骨层中均匀分布。
对软骨细胞增殖潜力的定性分析表明，含 10%GO 支架的 3D 打印培养物的增殖能力高于其他组。同时，细胞凋亡的进展被激活。通过扫描电子显微镜、免疫荧光和体内研究，我们观察到新生的软骨基质沿着软骨和支架的边界延伸并成熟。用免疫组织化学染色分析软骨聚糖和 I 型胶原后，发现 3D 打印 GO 支架的软骨比 3D 打印支架的软骨更薄。此外，GO 支架处理的软骨中胶原 I 的表达从第 2 周到第 6 周显著。
这些发现表明，3D 打印 GO 支架可用于构建软骨基质。然而，GO 的最佳浓度需要进一步的研究和讨论。
