Gupta Puja, Vakhlu Jyoti, Sharma Yash Pal, Imchen Madangchanok, Kumavath Ranjith
School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Extremophiles. 2020 Sep;24(5):749-758. doi: 10.1007/s00792-020-01191-z. Epub 2020 Jul 23.
Psychrophilic fungi are a critical biotic component in cold deserts that serves a central role in nutrient recycling and biogeochemical cycles. Despite their ecological significance, culture-independent studies on psychrophilic mycobiome are limited. In the present study, the fungal diversity patterns across the Drass, an Indian cold desert in the Himalaya, were indexed by targeted amplicon pyrosequencing (ITS). In the Drass dataset, Ascomycota was represented by 92 genera, while 22 genera represented Basidiomycota. The most abundant genus was Conocybe (20.46%). Most of the identified genera were reported in the literature to be prolific extracellular hydrolytic enzyme producers. To identify whether the Drass fungal assemblages share similarities to other cold deserts, these were further compared to Antarctic and Arctic cold deserts. Comparative analysis across the three cold deserts indicated the dominance of Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). The observed alpha diversity, Shannon index as well as Pielou's evenness was highest in the Antarctic followed by Drass and Arctic datasets. The genera Malassezia, Preussia, Pseudogymnoascus, Cadophora, Geopora, Monodictys, Tetracladium, Titaea, Mortierella, and Cladosporium were common to all the cold deserts. Furthermore, Conocybe was represented predominantly in Drass. Interestingly, the genus Conocybe has not been previously reported from any other studies on Antarctic or Arctic biomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fungal metagenome study in Drass soil. Our analysis shows that despite the similarities of low temperature among the cold deserts, a significant differential abundance of fungal communities prevails in the global cold deserts.
嗜冷真菌是寒冷沙漠中的关键生物成分，在营养物质循环和生物地球化学循环中发挥着核心作用。尽管它们具有生态意义，但关于嗜冷真菌群落的非培养研究却很有限。在本研究中，通过靶向扩增子焦磷酸测序（ITS）对喜马拉雅山脉印度寒冷沙漠德拉斯地区的真菌多样性模式进行了索引。在德拉斯数据集里，子囊菌门由92个属代表，而担子菌门由22个属代表。最丰富的属是锥盖伞属（20.46%）。文献报道大多数已鉴定的属是丰富的胞外水解酶生产者。为了确定德拉斯真菌群落是否与其他寒冷沙漠有相似之处，将它们与南极和北极寒冷沙漠进行了进一步比较。对这三个寒冷沙漠的比较分析表明双核菌纲（子囊菌门和担子菌门）占主导地位。观察到的α多样性、香农指数以及皮洛均匀度在南极最高，其次是德拉斯和北极数据集。马拉色菌属、普鲁士菌属、假裸囊菌属、卡多弗菌属、地孔菌属、单隔菌属、四枝孢属、蒂泰菌属、被孢霉属和枝孢属在所有寒冷沙漠中都很常见。此外，锥盖伞属在德拉斯地区占主导地位。有趣的是，之前在南极或北极生物群落的任何其他研究中都没有报道过锥盖伞属。据我们所知，这是德拉斯土壤中的首次真菌宏基因组研究。我们的分析表明，尽管寒冷沙漠之间存在低温相似性，但全球寒冷沙漠中真菌群落的丰度存在显著差异。
