Muscogiuri Giovanna, Tuccinardi Dario, Nicastro Vincenzo, Barrea Luigi, Colao Annamaria, Savastano Silvia
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Int J Obes Suppl. 2020 Jul;10(1):62-72. doi: 10.1038/s41367-020-0019-z. Epub 2020 Jul 20.
Growing evidence suggested that Sleep Disorders (SD) could increase the risk of developing obesity and could contribute to worsen obesity-related cardiovascular risk. Further, obesity has been reported to blunt sleep homeostasis. This happens through several mechanisms. First of all, the excessive adipose tissue at neck and chest levels could represent a mechanical obstacle to breathe. Moreover, the visceral adipose tissue is known to release cytokines contributing to low-grade chronic inflammation that could impair the circadian rhythm. Also, nutrition plays an important role in sleep homeostasis. High fat and/or high carbohydrate diets are known to have a negative impact on both sleep quality and duration. In addition, obesity predisposes to a condition called "" that has a detrimental effect on sleep. SD could increase the risk and/or could contribute to worsen cardiovascular risk usually associated with obesity. The chronic low grade inflammation associated with obesity has been reported to increase the risk of developing hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. In turn, improving quality of sleep has been reported to improve the management of these cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to provide evidence on the association of obesity and SD and on how they could contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes in obesity.
越来越多的证据表明，睡眠障碍（SD）会增加肥胖的风险，并可能导致与肥胖相关的心血管风险恶化。此外，据报道肥胖会破坏睡眠稳态。这是通过多种机制发生的。首先，颈部和胸部过多的脂肪组织可能成为呼吸的机械障碍。此外，已知内脏脂肪组织会释放细胞因子，导致低度慢性炎症，进而可能损害昼夜节律。此外，营养在睡眠稳态中也起着重要作用。众所周知，高脂肪和/或高碳水化合物饮食会对睡眠质量和时长产生负面影响。此外，肥胖易引发一种对睡眠有不利影响的病症。睡眠障碍会增加风险和/或可能导致通常与肥胖相关的心血管风险恶化。据报道，与肥胖相关的慢性低度炎症会增加患高血压、2型糖尿病和血脂异常的风险。反过来，据报道改善睡眠质量有助于改善对这些心血管危险因素的控制。因此，本手稿的目的是提供证据，证明肥胖与睡眠障碍之间的关联，以及它们如何导致肥胖人群出现心血管危险因素，如高血压、血脂异常和2型糖尿病。
