Unger Jennifer B, Vos Robert O, Wu Jasmine Siyu, Hardaway Kimberly, Sarain Ada Y Li, Soto Daniel W, Rogers Christopher, Steinberg Jane
Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, United States.
Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2020 Jul 13;19:101165. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101165. eCollection 2020 Sep.
This study examined whether unlicensed and licensed cannabis retailers in California are disproportionately located in neighborhoods with minority populations or populations living below the Federal Poverty Level. We mapped the locations of licensed and unlicensed cannabis retailers in California in October 2018, combining advertisements from cannabis websites with licensing data. Demographic characteristics of neighborhoods with and without licensed and/or unlicensed cannabis retailers were compared. We identified 1110 cannabis retailers in California (448 licensed and 662 unlicensed). Relative to neighborhoods without retailers, neighborhoods with retailers had higher proportions of Hispanics, African Americans, and residents living below the poverty level. Compared with neighborhoods with only licensed retailers, neighborhoods with only unlicensed retailers had higher proportions of Hispanics and African Americans, and lower proportions of non-Hispanic whites. Neighborhoods with both licensed and unlicensed retailers had higher proportions of African Americans, Asian Americans, and people living in poverty, relative to neighborhoods with only licensed retailers. Unlicensed retailers were disproportionately located in unincorporated areas and jurisdictions that allow cannabis retailers. Minority populations in California are disproportionately exposed to unlicensed cannabis retailers, potentially exacerbating health disparities by selling unregulated products or selling to minors.
本研究调查了加利福尼亚州无证和有证大麻零售商在少数族裔人口或生活在联邦贫困线以下人口聚居的社区中的分布是否不成比例。我们结合大麻网站的广告和许可数据，绘制了2018年10月加利福尼亚州有证和无证大麻零售商的位置图。比较了有无有证和/或无证大麻零售商的社区的人口特征。我们在加利福尼亚州确定了1110家大麻零售商（448家有证和662家无证）。与没有零售商的社区相比，有零售商的社区中西班牙裔、非裔美国人以及生活在贫困线以下的居民比例更高。与只有有证零售商的社区相比，只有无证零售商的社区中西班牙裔和非裔美国人的比例更高，非西班牙裔白人的比例更低。与只有有证零售商的社区相比，既有有证又有无证零售商的社区中非洲裔美国人、亚裔美国人以及贫困人口的比例更高。无证零售商在未合并地区和允许大麻零售商的辖区中分布不成比例。加利福尼亚州的少数族裔人口过多地接触到无证大麻零售商，这可能会因销售不受监管的产品或向未成年人销售而加剧健康差距。
