Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Medicine Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510535, PR China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Oct 15;166:112455. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112455. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic. This unprecedented situation has garnered worldwide attention. An effective strategy for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic is to develop highly accurate methods for the rapid identification and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Many companies and institutes are therefore striving to develop effective methods for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA), antibodies, antigens, and the virus. In this review, we summarize the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its genome and gene expression characteristics, and the current progression of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, antibodies, antigens, and virus detection. Further, we discuss the reasons for the observed false-negative and false-positive RNA and antibody detection results in practical clinical applications. Finally, we provide a review of the biosensors which hold promising potential for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 patients. This review thereby provides general guidelines for both scientists in the biosensing research community and for those in the biosensor industry to develop a highly sensitive and accurate point-of-care COVID-19 detection system, which would be of enormous benefit for controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的迅速传播导致了全球范围内的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。这种前所未有的情况引起了全球的关注。控制 COVID-19 大流行的有效策略是开发快速识别和隔离 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者的高度准确方法。因此，许多公司和机构都在努力开发有效的方法来快速检测 SARS-CoV-2 的核糖核酸（RNA）、抗体、抗原和病毒。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的结构、其基因组和基因表达特征，以及 SARS-CoV-2 RNA、抗体、抗原和病毒检测的当前进展。此外，我们还讨论了在实际临床应用中观察到的 RNA 和抗体检测结果假阴性和假阳性的原因。最后，我们对用于即时检测 COVID-19 患者的生物传感器进行了综述。因此，本综述为生物传感研究界的科学家以及生物传感器行业的科学家提供了一般性指导，以开发高度敏感和准确的即时 COVID-19 检测系统，这将对控制当前的 COVID-19 大流行产生巨大的益处。
